1. INDUSTRIAL SUPREMACY

2. Factors that Contribute to Growth of American Industry

3. *Abundant Raw Materials *Growing Labor Supply *Technological Innovations *Emergences of Talented, Ruthless Entrepreneurs *Gov. eager to help Business *Large, Expanding Market

4. Technology & Industry
*Cyrus Field – Transatlantic Cable 1866

6. *A.G. Bell Phone 1876
by 1890 AT&T ½ million phones

8. Steel
*Bessemer Process
*Abram Hewitt-Open Hearth Process

9. Iron Ore Freighters

10. Pittsburgh 1900

11. Marconi & the Radio 1896

12. Wright Brothers

14. Samuel Langley

16. 1901 Glider

18. Wilbur Wright
October 29, 1909

19. 1893 Charles & Frank Duryea

20. 1896 Ford Quadricycle

21. Science of Production

22. Frederick Winslow Taylor
Scientific Management
“Taylorism”

23. Subdivide tasks to speed production

24. Ford Assembly Line
*cuts time from 12 ½ to 1 ½ h
*cuts price $950
1929 $290

26. Menlo Park

27. Thomas Edison

29. Edison and George Eastman

30. Firestone Ford Burroughs and Edison

31. Railroad

32. Mileage
30,000 in 1860
193,000 in 1900

33. Cornelius Vanderbilt James Hill

35. J. P. Morgan

36. Robber Barons

37. Andrew Carnegie

38. Horizontal Integration

39. Vertical
Integration

40. Corporation
Trust
Holding Company

41. John David Rockefeller

42. Forces Railroad to cut prices for him
Uses both horizontal & vertical integration
by age 33 owns 90% of refineries

43. Undersells competition to force them either into bankruptcy or to sell
Becomes the first billionaire

45. Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism

46. Gospel of
Wealth

47. Andrew Carnegie

48. Skibo Castle

50. Horatio Alger

52. Henry George

55. 1893
Economic Recession
1% owns 88% of assets
10 million below poverty line

56. Immigration

57. Labor Contract Law
*Allows employers to pay for passage – deduct from pay
*repealed 1885

58. Minimum income for reasonable level of comfort:
$600
Average income for American Worker: $

59. Women in 1900:
17% of industrial work force
20% of women work

60. 1900:
Ave Salary Male: $597
Female: $314

61. Child Labor
*1.7 million under 16
*10% girls 20% boys

62. 1907 Average # of Railroad workers killed:12
Per week

63. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
March 25,1911
146 killed

66. Bodies of jumpers

68. $75 Owner found not guilty in criminal trial
Civil suit is won by families of victims who are awarded:
$75

69. Molly Maguires

71. The Great Railroad Strike
1877
Eastern railroads cut wages by 10%
Workers disrupt rail service throughout the East

72. State and Federal troops called out to stop demonstrations around country
Over 100 killed in different cities

73. Knights of Labor
1869
Open to all who toil
Except:
Lawyers
Bankers
Liquor Dealers
Gamblers

74. Goals: 8 hour work day
no child labor

75. American Federation of Labor

76. Samuel Gompers
Secure for workers a greater share of capitalism’s rewards

77. Haymarket Square May 1, 1886

78. Homestead Strike
1892

80. Pullman Strike 1894

81. Eugene V. Debs

82. Weakness of Labor
*Wages can’t stay with cost of living
*Few legislative victories
*Represent only small %
*Shifting workforce
*Strength of forces against them