1. 20c China:
From Republic to
Communist Power

2. Thursday, March 9 and Friday, March 10
You need to make sure you are completing the outside reading on the Revolution and Creation of Communist China over the next two nights.
It coves key information that is only touched upon in the PowerPoint.
This is information that will be on the End of East Asia Unit Test.
Be sure to take additional notes from the YouTube Videos we watch in class within the PowerPoint. They are a good visual and auditory review.

3. Sun Yat-sen &
Yuan Shigai
Chiang Kai-shek &
Mao Zedong

4. The Rise of Nationalists and Sun Yat-sen
Revolution of 1911

5. China after 1911---TEST QUESTION
The Revolution of 1911 was intended to create a modern republican form of government in China.
Instead, the country broke up into warlord-dominated regions with increasing poverty and violence.
The Guomintang or Nationalist Party led the revolution, but controlled few areas.

6. Sun Yat-sen

7. Republican Revolution
Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)
Founded Guomintang/ Nationalist party
Overthrew Qing dynasty
Established a republic
President of Chinese Republic who succeeded him – Yuan Shih-k’ai
Guomintang symbol

8. Three Principles of the People: TEST QUESTION
Book published by Sun Yat-sen before his death in 1925
Principle of Democracy
Democracy – the people are sovereign
Principle of Nationalism
Nationalism – an end to foreign imperialism
Principle of Livelihood
Livelihood – economic development, industrialization, land reform, and social welfare – elements of progressivism and socialism

9. 1911 Revolution
Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalists rebelled against weak Qing Dynasty.
General Yuan Shigai was sent by Qing to destroy Nationalists.
Yuan betrayed Qing and helped the Nationalists oust the Qing Dynasty.
Yuan made a deal with the Nationalist Party to be China’s first president.

10. Sun Yat-Sen and Yuan Shigai
Sun had to accept Yuan because Sun had no military.
Yuan tried to keep power for himself!
Nationalists felt betrayed.
Nationalists rebelled against Yuan, but were defeated.
Sun fled to Japan

11. Problems Facing Nationalists and Sun Yat-sen

12. Republic of China: Weaknesses
Disunity
Local warlords fought Kuomintang for control
Wars raged between 1912 and 1928
The effects were disastrous, particularly on the peasants who were raped and pillaged and forced to pay taxes up to 30 years in advance, for their “protection and safety”.
Poor transportation
1914 – only 6,000 miles of railroad track
225,000 miles in the smaller United States
Few decent roads

13. Republic of China Weaknesses: Foreign Imperialists
Twenty-One Demands (1915)
Japan attempted to make China a Japanese protectorate
Action condemned and stopped by other leading world powers
World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
China attempted to abolish concessions and extraterritoriality
Attempt failed
China did not sign the Treaty of Versailles
On May 4, 1919 over 3,000 angry Chinese students gathered in Beijing to protest the Treaty of Versailles
Demonstrations spread to other cities throughout China
Japan gained mandate over most of Germany’s Asian possessions and rights

14. Student Protests in Beijing: May 4th Movement

15. China’s First Civil War: Warlords versus Nationalists and Communists

16. China’s First Civil War: Warlords versus Nationalists and Communists
Yuan died in Sun died in 1925.
Civil War
CHAOS: Local military warlords fought for control of China.
During the 1920s, the Sun’s Nationalists would make an alliance with a new group: Communists.
Nationalists and Communists would bring some stability to China.
Would this alliance last?  NO!
The Civil War continued until 1949.

17. Stabilizing China in the 1920s
With the aid of the USSR (Communist) & Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist army grew in strength
Chiang replaced Sun Yat-sen as leader of Nationalist.
GOAL: Bring China’s warlords under control
By 1928, he was mostly successful.

18. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
The Father of Modern China - Sun Yat-sen l HISTORY OF CHINA
IT'S HISTORY
Published on Sep 2, 2015
Running Time of 7:38 Minutes
Sun Yat-sen is known as the 'father of modern China'. He spent his adult life fighting against imperial China and the ruling Qing dynasty. First as revolutionary leader and later as politician. He founded the Tongmenghui League in 1905 and supported rebellions in China. After the Wuchang Uprising, Sun handed over the presidential office for the Republic of China to Yuan Shikai who soon after would ban Suns political party, the Kuomintang. So he reformed it as China's National People's party. His military and political work laid the groundwork from which his successors would later call out the People's Republic of China. 

19. Now Setting Stage for Second Civil War
Nationalists versus Communists

20. Turn to Communism and Mao Tse-tung

21. Frustrated Nationalism
China’s previous efforts to borrow from the West to achieve wealth and power all failed
military hardware and related technologies
economic institutions and organization
science, scholarship, and education
government, political processes and organizations

22. Frustrated Nationalism
China became weaker and poorer
Continuous civil wars between warlords
Western privileges in China
Humiliated and abused in the world

23. The Guomintang/Nationalist Party is Split
Right Wing
Business people
Politicians
Left Wing
Communists
Intellectuals
Radicals
Students

24. New Political Parties Nationalist Party was established
Sun Yat-Sen died in 1925
Chiang Kai-Shek was the military leader of Nationalists during Civil War---TEST QUESTION
Communist Party was established in 1921
Mao ZeDong was one of its founding members

25. Why Mao and Communists Will Win Civil War---TEST QUESTION
Mao won the support of the huge peasant population by promising them land. Many peasants joined Mao’s People’s Liberation Army. They were attracted by the promises of land.
Mao won the support of women by rejecting inequalities of traditional Confucian society
Mao’s army made good use of hit-and-run guerrilla warfare
Many people thought the Nationalist government was corrupt
Some people believed that Nationalists had allowed foreigners to dominate China.

26. Second Civil War in China: Nationalists versus Communists

27. Civil War in China---TEST QUESTIONS
, , – War between Communists and Nationalists
Communists – Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)
Nationalists – Chiang Kai-shek
War halted and to fight Japanese aggression
Communists were victorious in 1949
Nationalists retreated to Taiwan
End of imperialism in China
Hong Kong returned to China in 1997

28. Chinese Civil War: Japanese Invasion –TEST QUESTION
Time Out!!!
The Civil War between the Nationalists and Red armies is suspended
JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA IN 1931
By 1937 Japan invades all of China
Nationalists and Communists unite to repel Japanese invasion
TO BE CONTINUED AFTER WORLD WAR II…
Japanese troops entering Shenyang

29. Have To Go To YouTube To Watch
The Chinese Civil War - Blood for Unity l HISTORY OF CHINA
IT'S HISTORY
Published on Sep 5, 2015
Running Time of 7:56 Minutes
After the fall of the Qing dynasty China fell apart and both, forces loyal to Chiang Kais-shek's National Kuomintang Party and as Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China, fought to rule the country. This bloody struggle would ultimately result in the Chinese Civil War. It would take more than 22 years but would come to a halt during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. After Japan's defeat, Mao's troops grew strong quickly and soon after they were able to force Chiang Kai-shek and his followers out of China. They sought refuge in Taiwan. Shortly after, Mao Zedong called out the People's Republic of China. Learn all about the Chinese Civil War in this episode of Battlefields with Indy Neidell. 

30. The Long March
TEST QUESTION

31. Long March: 1934 The Long March
Jiang sends 700,000 men after Communists and surrounds them
100,000 Communists flee and begin a 6,000 mile-journey (The Long March)
Tens of thousands die due to
Starvation
Battle wounds
Exposure to the cold
Mao and 8,000 survivors take shelter in the caves of northwestern China.

32. The Long March

33. The Manchurian Incident
TEST QUESTION

34. The Japanese Factor 1931 Japanese invaded Manchuria
1933 Japanese spreading influence
Nationalists in difficult situation
China’s Communist Party capitalised on this

35. Japan Invades China
1937

36. The Japanese posed an even bigger threat, taking Manchuria and putting Pu Yi on the throne as a puppet.
After 1937 they invaded and conquered the rich coastal plains and cities of China in a brilliantly successful but brutal campaign, culminating in the massacre at Nanjing where 300,000 civilians were slaughtered in an orgy of rape, pillage and execution.
It then became Chiang Kai Shek’s turn to flee to the interior of China and resist as best he could in Chung king until the Americans arrived with help.

37. Japanese Aggression,

38. End of World War Two: Civil War Resumes

39. The People’s Republic of China is declared
The People’s Republic of China is declared. The Chinese have their first strong government for over a century.

40.
Chinese Civil War | 3 Minute History
Jabzy
Published on Jan 8, 2017
Running Time of 4:54 Minutes

42. Communist Victory

43. Communist Victory, 1949
Due to corruption and inefficiency among the Nationalist leadership, the Communists took power in mainland China in October, 1949.
The Nationalist leaders retreated to the island of Taiwan.
Now Mao was in charge of the whole country.

44. Communists in Control – 1949
Communists and Nationalists resumed civil war following World War II
Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist government wasted foreign economic aid
Many Kuomintang deserted to Communists
Manchuria – taken over by Communists in 1948
December, Communists in control
Chiang Kai-shek and Nationalists retreated to Taiwan

45. Taiwan

46. Taiwan: The Republic of China

47. Republic of China (Taiwan)
Chiang Kai-shek and Nationalists:
Established Republic of China
Violently repressed the native Taiwanese
Governed as if they were the ONLY CHINA
Enacted land reform
Defended by US, 7th Fleet
Engaged in business revolution
Successful economy
Nationalist Dictatorship
This is an ongoing issue between Communist China and the United States.

48. If There Is Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUCEeC4f6ts
Communists, Nationalists, and China's Revolutions: Crash Course World History #37
CrashCourse
Published on Oct 4, 2012
Running Time of 12:54 Minutes