1. Process and methods used for describing competences/learning outcomes
Lucian Voinea,
Mihai Iacob,
Helsinki,

2. VET Qualifications – general view
VET qualifications are based on learning outcomes
A qualification is described through learning units
A learning unit consists of a coherent set of learning outcomes
Key competences are based on the 8 domains of Key competences for LLL and provide a common ground to build general working capacities
A qualification can be linked/associated with one or more occupations
A qualification is requested tu ensure employability on long term and career progress
Different sets of qualifications – achieved:
both through IVET and CVT
only through CVT (usually associated with one occupation)

3. Instruments to build a VET qualification
Occupational analysis for the identification of occupational area
Occupational Standard (OS) – a document which describes the competence units related to one occupation;
used for prior learning validation, but also for qualifications within formal CVT and apprenticeship
Training Standard (TS) – a document which describes the learning outcomes related to a qualification linked with one or more occupations
developed for IVET
used within IVET, but also within formal CVT, assessment of prior learning and apprenticeship

4. The process of qualifications’ elaboration in VET
Identification of the
training needs
(initiative ME)
Sectorial Committees
Labour market studies
Analysis of the relation:
qualification – occupations
Occupational standards
Working groups
Enterprises
Education
Professional
Associations
Validation
Identification of the competences
Elaboration of training standards
Approval ME
Working groups
Education
Elaboration of the training programme
(curriculum)

5. Structure of Learning Outcomes
The concept of LO has been taken from the definitions included in the EQF Recommendation; it means what is expected from a student/learner to know, understanad and be able to perform/prove at the end of a training/educational programme
It includes the following components:
Knowledge
Abilities/skills
Competence

6. Definitions used
Knowledge – is the result of information assimilation through learning and represents an assemble of facts, principles, theories and practices regarding a certain field of study/training
Ability/skill – is the capacity to apply and use knowledge in order to fulfill tasks and solve problems
Competence – is the proven capacity to select, combine and adequatly use knowledge, abilities and other acquisitions (values and attitudes) in order to solve a certain category of work/learning situation and to develop on personal and professional level

7. Structure of the LO There are 2 types of LO:
key/transversal, which transcend a certain study/training programe, enabling the learner to communicate, socially interact etc.
Professional, which are of 2 kinds: general, developed within the larger framework of the field of study/work and specific, developed in a more specific/narrow part of the field

8. The qualifications’ structure in IVET
Training Domain « A »
Training Domain “B”
Q 1
Q 2
Q 3
Key Units of LO
General Units of vocational LO
General Units of vocational LO
Specia-
lized Units of vocational LO
Specia-lized Units of vocational LO