1. National Agricultural Extension System: Overview
104th Foundation Course for Agricultural Research Service (5 July to 4 October 2016)
National Agricultural Extension System: Overview
Bharat S. Sontakki

2. Outline Objectives Focus Interaction flow
Knowledge sharing on NAES, and
Sensitize participants on their extension and outreach role
Focus
Analysis of present system and new initiatives
Interaction flow
Background and context
Present systems: Salient Features
Role of ICAR & future prospects
Summary

3. and FOOD comes from AGRICULTURE and Agriculture Alone
What is the most powerful WEAPON in world development politics?
FOOD
and FOOD comes from AGRICULTURE and Agriculture Alone

4. Extension without Research is a Hobby
Background
Research without Extension is a Folly,
Extension without Research is a Hobby

5. Role of Agricultural Extension
Ensuring national food security
Improving rural livelihoods
Transfer of technology services
Increasing farm productivity
Non-formal education services
Productive on-farm and off-farm employment
Facilitation and advisory services
Organizing producers in to viable groups
Linking and feedback services
Linking producers to market and other service providers

6. Salient Features of NAES in India
One of the largest
Serves equally large clientele (high ratio)
Organized and operated differently at different levels
Structurally complex and functionally diverse
Plurality of objectives, approaches and methods
Centre-State dynamics

7. Fast Facts of Prevailing Extension System
Extension worker to farmer ratio is very wide i.e. 1:1000
Extension workers mostly engaged in ‘non-extension’ works
Expenditure intensity: < Rs. 100 ha-1
Contact intensity: one hour / farmer / year
Higher establishment costs 85 – 97% of funds for salaries
About 25-30% of extension staff are technical graduates
Extension gap continues to exist

8. Evolution of NAES in India
Philosophical / Philanthropic Efforts
Five Year Plans of Government of India
National Agricultural Policy, 2000
National Policy for Farmers, 2007
Policy Framework on Agricultural Extension, 2010
National Mission on Agricultural Extension & Technology, 2014

9. Evolution of NAES in India ..
Year
Initiatives
1952
Community Development Project
1960
National Extension Service Programme
1961
Intensive Agricultural District Programme
1964
Intensive Agricultural Areas programmes
1965
National Demonstration Project
High Yielding Varieties Programme
1972
Operational Research Project
1974
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)
Training and Visit (T&V) System
1979
National Agricultural Extension Project
Lab-to-Land Programme
1998
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA)
Institute Village Linkage Programme
2000
Agricultural Technology Information Centres (ATICs)

10. Evolution of NAES in India ..
Year
Initiatives
2000
National Agricultural Policy
2007
National Policy for Farmers
2010
Policy Framework for Agricultural Extension
2014
National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology
2015
DD KISAN

11. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare, GOI
Institutional Structure of NAES in India
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare, GOI
Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE)
ICAR-ATARIs-KVKs
Agricultural Education
International Cooperation
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC& FW)
27 Divisions
MANAGE
EEIs
NIAM
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DAHD&F)
Animal Husbandry
Dairy Development
Fisheries
NDDB
NFDB

12. Institutional Structure of NAES in India
National
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India
Private, Media & NGO Extension System
DARE-ICAR
DAHD&F
DAC&FW-DoE
Agri. Ext. Division & ICAR Institutes
NDDB, NFDB
MANAGE, NIAM
Zonal
ATARI
Regional Committees
EEI
State
Agricultural Universities
SAMETI
District
KVK
ATMA
ZARS/RARS
Block
FTCs
BTT
Village
Primary Producers (FPOs; F2F Extension, etc.)

14. NAES in India: Major systems
Front-line extension system (DARE-ICAR-CAU-DU-SAU-KVK)
Mainstream extension system (DAC&FW-SDDs-SAMETIs-ATMAs)
Commodity boards
Agri-prenueres (ACABC & DAESI)
Private system (Agribusiness, Retail Chains, etc.)
NGOs-led system (Oxfam, BAIF, CSA, MYRADA, etc.)
Media-led extension system (TV/Radio/Print/ICTs)
Farmer-led system (Innovative Farmers-FFS/FS, CIG-FPOs, etc.)

15. Frontline Extension System
Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
Institute Village Linkage Programme (IVLP)
Agricultural Technology Information Centres (ATICs)
Scientist-Farmer Interface Model
Krishi Melas (Farm fairs)
Media/IT Supported Initiatives (DD Kisan, mKisan, Farmers Portal, Kisan Call Centres, FM Krishi Radio, Farm Journalism, Cyber Models, KVK Knowledge Network)
Partnership Models (Consortium approach)

16. कृषि विज्ञान केन्द्र

17. KVK: Platform of Science for Society
642 1

19. Timeline Expansion of KVKs KVK Knowledge Network-2016
PLAN-WISE GROWTH

20. Salient Features of KVK
Innovative decentralized approach
Major focus - capacity building, on-farm research, FLDs, seed production, DKRC
Family-centric approach (farmers, farm women & youth)
Ownership: SAUs+CAUs (435), NGOs (99), ICAR (55), State Depts. (35) & Other Educational Institutions (18)
Uniformity in staffing, funding and operations

21. Operational Sphere of KVKs:
Uptake Pathways for Research Output
Technology
adaptation
Technology
generation
Technology
testing
Technology
integration
Technology
dissemination
and adoption
Capacity development
Research System
Technology Assessment & Refinement
Extension System
Operational Sphere of KVKs

22. KVK Knowledge Network - 2016

23. Institute Village Linkage Program (IVLP)
Land to Lab approach
Adaptive testing of technological packages
Focus on technology assessment & refinement
Participatory methodologies
Clients perspectives respected
Continuous learning
Initial success limited by sustainability issues

24. Agricultural Technology Information Centres (ATIC)
“Single Window” support system
Aim to provide a one-stop delivery system
Services Offered
Diagnostic services,
Agri-information dissemination,
Sale of Seedlings/seeds,
Production & sale of Publications, Video Cassettes, VCDs
Small Business Units

25. Scientist-Farmer Interface Model
Direct Interface b/w Scientists and Farmers
Social responsibility
Initiative in many Agri. Universities
Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav
Methodologies still evolving

26. Krishi Melas / Farm Fairs
Annual or half-yearly events
Attract large number of farmers
Workshops, Exhibitions, Demonstrations, Sales & Services, Competitions
Image building

27. Media & IT Supported Extension
Content providers / updaters
Location-specific applications
Use of IT as well as Conventional media
Public Private Partnership
Highly popular
Cyber extension models – sustainability and scaling up?

28. Consortium Approach Piloted under NAIP
Multi-actor, single aim projects across value chains
End-to-end approach
Market orientation, Production to consumption value chains
Sustainable rural livelihood security

29. New Initiatives

30. Attracting & Retaining Youth in Agriculture
To attract and empower the youth in rural areas
To encourage them to take up agriculture, allied & service sector enterprises for sustainable income & gainful employment
To facilitate network groups to take up resource & capital intensive activities like processing, value addition & marketing
To demonstrate functional linkage with different institutions and stakeholders
25 KVKs in 25 States
Agrientrepreurs

31. मेरा गाँव – मेरा गौरव
A group of 4 Agricultural Scientists (Multi-disciplinary) will work with 5 identified villages
Involvement of about agricultural scientists
Knowledge, skill & information facilitation to farmers
Disseminate timely advisories and alerts
Provide information on inputs, service providers etc.,
Develop convergence with different departments and organizations for the development of villages

32. Enriching knowledge: integrating technology
Farmer FIRST
Enriching knowledge: integrating technology
FOCUS
Enhancing Farmers –Scientist interface
Technology Assemblage, Application and feedback
Partnership and Institution Building
Content Mobilization
Benchmark
100 Institutions (ICAR & AUs)
3-4 villages/centre
One lakh farm families
Source:

33. Extension Role of ICAR Scientists
One of the important service responsibilities
Diverse portfolio: capacity building; event management; testing, demonstrations and dissemination of technologies
Convergence and networking by ‘convergent thinking’
Promoting Agri. Start-ups & Entrepreneurship Ventures
Facilitative role: Documentation, validation and protection of Farmers’ varieties and other ITKs/GRIs
…….. figure out your own ways to bring HAPPINESS & SMILE to ‘ANNADATAS’

34. “The ultimate goal of farming is not the growing of crops, but the cultivation and perfection of human beings.”
― Masanobu Fukuoka