1. Inventions for Development of A Perfect Flyer
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
A Chronology of Breakthrough Ides to Mimic a Bird!!!

2. Kate Carew Interviews the Wright Brothers
“Are you manufacturing any racing machines?”
“Not just now, but we intend to.”
“How much can I buy one for?”
“Seven thousand five hundred-dollars.”
“Is that all? It doesn’t seem like an outside price for a perfectly good airship?”
“Airship!” shouted the Wright brothers indignantly.
“Is that the wrong word?”
“An airship,” said Wilbur contemptuously, “is a big, clumsy balloon filled with gas.”
“Well, I don’t see why your biplane shouldn’t be called an airship, too.”

3. A Ship Can’t Fly “It’s a flying machine,” said Wilbur.
“The name we prefer is ‘flyer,’” said Orville.
“An airship would cost $50,000,” said Wilbur.
“More like $150,000,” said Orville, and they argued the question.
Right Action to generate Lift
Right Action to generate Propulsion

4. Propeller Engines

5. Otto’s Engines to drive propeller
In-Line Aircraft Engines
Radial aircraft engines

6. Wright’s flyer
Thursday, December 17, 1903, dawned windy and cold on North Carolina's Outer Banks.
At Kill Devil Hills, the thermometer hovered around the freezing mark, and a 25-mile-per-hour (40-kilometer-per-hour) wind blowing out of the north made it feel even colder.

7. Incomplete Understanding
Same Device for Lifting, Floating & Propulsion ???
Sir Isaac Newton in the 18th century was the first to theorize that a rearward-channeled explosion could propel a machine forward at a great rate of speed.
Ignore Newton???
Is this a true Flying Machine accordiing to thinking of Wright Bothers

8. Scalability of Action
The flying machine is due to two different reactions.
One for taking off and keep floating.
The other to generate forward motion.
Same method of Action for both the reactions lead to scalability of the flying machine.
There are three issues in scalability of a flying machine.

9. Old (Newton’s Idea ) is Gold
A Royal Air Force officer.
His first attempts to join the RAF failed as a result of his lack of height, but on his third attempt he was accepted as an apprentice in 1923.
He qualified as a pilot officer in 1928.
As a cadet Whittle had written a thesis arguing that planes would need to fly at high altitudes, where air resistance is much lower, in order to achieve long ranges and high speeds.

10. Flying at High Altitudes Demands Ignored Newton’s Idea
Piston engines and propellers were unsuitable for this purpose,.
He concluded that rocket propulsion or gas turbines driving propellers would be required.
Jet propulsion was not in his thinking at this stage.
By October 1929, he had considered using a fan enclosed in the fuselage to generate a fast flow of air to propel a plane at high altitude.
A piston engine would use too much fuel, so he thought of using a gas turbine.
After the Air Ministry turned him down, he patented the idea himself.

11. Innovation with Wrong Boundary Conditions and Right Need
Sky is the Limit