1. La Independencia de México
el de septiembre

2. La independencia de México 1900 1500 1700 1600 1800 Antes de 1519
Many indigenous tribes live in Mexico, including Aztecs, Toltecs, and Mayans
1800

3. La independencia de México 1900 1500 1700 1600 1800 noviembre 1519
Hernán Cortes arrives in México and finds the Aztecs. Cortes and the king of the Aztecs speak amicably in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán (now Mexico City).
Moctezuma = King of the Aztecs
1900
1500
1700
1600
1800
1519
Cortes is given 20 slave women, one of which is named Marina. She becomes his interpreter and spy and also gives birth to his first son. She is seen as a traitor by her people after the Spanish are able to defeat the Aztecs.
Marina = slave to Cortes, interpreter and spy

4. La independencia de México 1900 1500 1700 1600 1800 1521
The Spanish conquer the Aztecs and thousands die because of war and disease.
1900
1500
1700
1600
1800
The Spanish control México for 300 years. During these years a racial hierarchy is formed.
RACIAL HIERARCHY = class system based on race

5. La jerarquía de razas Los Españoles Los Criollos
(of Spanish descent, but born in the Americas)
Los Mestizos
(descendents of Spanish and indiginous heritage)
Los Indios – indiginous of the Americas
Los Negros – slaves brought to the Americas through slave trade
Los Mulatos –European and African blood

6. La independencia de México 1900 1800 15 de septiembre 1810
At 11:00 p.m. a priest named Miguel Hidalgo asks the mestizos and the indios of the village of Dolores to fight against the Spanish.
1900
1800

7. ¡Viva México y la Virgen de Guadelupe!
Miguel Hidalgo asked:
“My children: a new dispensation comes to us today. Will you receive it? Will you free yourselves? Will you recover the lands stolen three hundred years ago from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards? We must act at once… Will you defend your religion and your rights as true patriots? Long live our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad government! Death to the gachupines*!” * "¡Mueran los gachupines!`
¡Viva México y la Virgen de Guadelupe!

8. La independencia de México 1900 1800
1810
The rebels plan an attack for deciembre but the Spanish find out. The rebels then decide to attack immediately.
1900
1800
¡Viva México y la Virgen de Guadelupe!

9. La independencia de México 1900 1800 1810
The rebels plan an attack for deciembre but the Spanish find out. The rebels then decide to attack immediately.
1900
1800

10. La independencia de México 1900 1800 30 de julio 1811
enero 1811
after many victories, Hidalgo suffers defeat in Guadalajara and is arrested
1900
1800
30 de julio 1811
Miguel Hidalgo was executed

11. La independencia de México 1900 1800
On August 24, 1821, Spain & Mexico signed the Treaty of Córdoba, which recognized Mexican independence.
1900
1800

12. La independencia de México Who led the conquering of Mexico?
Which tribe did Cortes defeat? Who was their leader?
What was one advantage Cortes had over the Aztecs?
Describe the racial hierarchy.
Who said, “¡Viva México y la Virgen de Guadalupe!” and why?