1. China:
From Republic to
Communist Power

2. China before WWII Had a revolution in 1911
Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system
Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – push around by European imperialist powers

3. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Led the Revolution of 1911

4. Chinese Warlords, 1920s China was in chaos after the revolution
Warlords established control
Yuan Shi-kai

5. China in 1924

6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao
Focused on getting support of peasants

7. Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

8. The Long March
1934

9. The Long March
Mao’s forces fled Chiang Kai-shek – up into the remote mountains, losing many Communist forces to exposure, hunger, battles, etc.

10. Survivors of the March
At the end of the Long March, only a small, extremely dedicated force remained, with Mao in leadership

11. Japan Invades China
1937

12. Japanese Aggression,
Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere of influence”

13. The Communist
Revolution:

14. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949
Civil War began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China
WWII ended and the Japanese were expelled from China. Civil War began again between the nationalists and communists.

15. The Communist Victory

16. Taiwan: The Republic of China

17. Jiang Jieshu ( )
(Chiang Kai-shek)

18. The People’s Republic of China

19. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

20. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms

21. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)

22. Great Leap Forward, 1958 Built backyard furnaces to make iron
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Built backyard furnaces to make iron
Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

23. The Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution

24. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!

25. Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

26. Cultural Revolution Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit
To deflect from Great Leap Forward’s failure
Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

27. A Red Guard

28. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

29. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red Book

30. Propaganda Poster

31. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972

32. Propaganda Poster

33. Propaganda Poster

34. Propaganda Poster

35. Assignment
*Page 539 *Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes. *Answer the skillbuilder questions.

37. Japan’s Invasion

38. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

39. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

40. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

41. Beheadings Took Place in Public

42. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

43. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

44. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai
1976
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

45. Communist Government
and a
Capitalist Economy

46. Deng Xiaoping ( )

47. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry Science
Agriculture
Industry
Science
Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

48. Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

49. Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!

50. Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

51. Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

52. The “Goddess of Democracy”
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The “Goddess of Democracy”

53. The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down

54. Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

55. The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

56. The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank

57. The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents

58. Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested

59. Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

60. The Reestablishment of Order
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order