1. Introduction to pathology
2016

2. course
2 credit hour
Three instuctors: Dr Heyam Awad, Dr Mazen Al Salihi and Dr Manar Hajeer
Section 4,5,6 coordinator: Dr H Awad

3. Reference Robbins basic pathology Ninth edition
Chapters in this course 1,2,5
Web Path Internet teaching

4. Course description lecture topic 1 introduction 2-5 Cell injury
Chapter 1, page 2-28
6-10
inflammation
Chapter 2, page 29-58
11-14
repair
Chapter 2, page 58-72
15-25
neoplasia
Chapter 5, page

5. Tutors and lecture distribution
Section4
section5
section6
Cell injury
Dr Mazen
Dr Manar
Dr Manar
inflammation
Dr Heyam
repair
neoplasia

6. Lecture
Ch/Pg
1. Course Orientation & Introduction
2. Homeostasis, Adaptation, & Cell Death
Principles
Adaptive Responses (Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Atrophy, Metaplasia)
Cell Injury (reversible/irriversible)
Cell Death
Morphology of Cell Death
Ch1
Pg. 1-5
Pg. 8-11
3. Cell Injury & Death
Causes
Principles & mechanisms (Mitochondria, Ca2+, Free radicals & ROS, Membrane damage)
Mechanisms in practice (Hypoxia Ischemia, Reperfusion, Chemical)
Pg. 6-7 Pg
4. Apoptosis
Definition
Mechanisms (Mitochondrial, Death receptor)
Mechanisms in practice (Growth factor deprivation, DNA damage, Protein damage, role in immunity)
Necroptosis Pg 5.
Autophagy
Intracellular accumulations
Pathologic calcification
Cellular aging Pg

7. lecture
topics
pages
6. Inflammation
Overview of inflammation and
Vascular changes
29-34
7. inflammation
Cellular events in inflammation
35-40
8. Chemical mediators..1
Cell derived mediators
44-50
9. Chemical mediators 2
Plasma derived mediators
Morphology of acute inflammation
50-53
43-44
10. Chronic inflammation and systemic effects of inflammation
53-59

8. Lecture
Ch/Pg
11. Cell proliferation in tissue repair
Overview of tissue repair
Cell proliferation
Stem cells
Growth factors
Ch2 Pg
12. Role of the ECM in tissue repair
Extracellular matrix
Structure
Components
Function
Regeneration in tissue repair
Overview of tissue response to injury - revisited Pg
13 & 14 Scarring & Fibrosis
Steps
Angiogenesis
Activation of fibroblasts & ECM deposition
Maturation & remodelling
Factors influencing tissue repair
Clinical examples Pg
15. Neoplasia
Definition & Nomenclature
Benign & Malignant neoplasia
Characteristics
Differentiation & Anaplasia
Rate of growth
Local invasion
Metastasis
Ch5 Pg

9. Lecture
Ch/Pg
16. Epidemiology & introduction to the molecular biology of cancer
Epidemiology
Environment
Age
Heredity
Acquired pre-neoplastic lesions Pg
17. Genetics & epigenetics of cancer
Molecular Biology of Cancer (introduction)
Karyotypic changes
Translocation
Deletion
Amplification
Aneuploidy
miRNA
Epigenetic changes (methylation)
Molecular Biology of Cancer (initiation & progression)
Hallmarks of Cancer (introduction) Pg
18. Hallmarks of Cancer - Growth & Growth inhibition
Growth factors & their receptors
Signal transduction & transcription
Cell cycle control (cyclins & CDKs)
The first tumor suppressor gene: RB Pg
19. Hallmarks of Cancer - Growth inhibition & Evasion of death
Guardian of the genome: p53
TGFβ signalling
Contact inhibition: NF2 & APC
Evasion of cell death Pg

10. Lecture
Ch/Pg
20. Hallmarks continued
Limitless replicative potential
Development of sustained angiogenesis
Ability to invade and metastasize Pg
21. New Hallmarks
Reprogramming Energy Metabolism
Evasion of the Immune System
Genomic instability
Inflammation Pg
22. Etiology of cancer
Chemical
Radiological
Microbial
Oncogenic viruses
H. Pylori Pg
23. Tumor immunity
Tumor antigens
Cell mediated immunity
Immune surveillance & evasion Pg
24. Clinical aspects of neoplasia
Systemic effects
Grading & staging
Lab diagnosis including molecular methods Pg

11. evaluation Midterm exam… at week 7.. 40 marks Final exam……50 marks
Attendance… 10 marks

12. Contact details Dr Manar hajeer
Office hours: Mondays
Office: third floor , JUH

13. Contact details Dr Heyam
Office hors: Mondays
Office: third floor , JUH
Lectures will be available on my website page a day before they are delivered.
PLEASE bring a pen and papers to my lectures!!!!

14. RULES!! No talking No mobile phones No eating
Strict attendance policy..
الحرمان مطبق...الرجاء الالتزام

15. More rules!!
Dr Mazin: read the lecture topic from the book before you come to the lecture.
Dr Heyam: bring your brain with you please, strictly, no talking ( or whispering) during lectures.
Dr Manar: NO SIDE TALKS PLEASE

16. More rules
No swapping between sections allowed.

17. What is pathology The study (logos) of suffering or disease (pathos).
The study of the structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that are involved by disease.

18. Why pathology is important
A bridge between the basic sciences and clinical medicine.
Uses molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and morphologic techniques trying to reach a diagnosis and explanation.

19. Divisions
General pathology: reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli. Cell injury, inflammation and repair, hemodynamic disorders, genetic disorders, immune system diseases, infectious disease and environmental diseases.
Systemic pathology: alterations in specialized organs and tissues in diseased status.

20. Aspects of disease Epidemiological aspects Etiology/ cause:
Genetic: mutations
Acquired: infectious, nutritional, chemical..

21. Aspects of disease
Pathogenesis: sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease. (mechanism).

22. Aspects of disease
Molecular and morphologic changes: structural alterations in cells or tissues. Molecular and immunologic aspects of the disease/tissue/organ.
Clinical features including biochemical tests, physical findings, radiological findings
Complications & sequelae :
Treatment
Prognosis

23. Classification of Pathology
Anatomical/ surgical pathology or histopathology: Gross examination and microscopic examination to reach a diagnosis.
Clinical pathology: hematology, microbiology, immunology and biochemistry.

24. Anatomic pathology Histopathology. Cytopathology. Autopsy.
Subspecialties: neuropathology, dermatopathology, oral pathology……

25. Diagnosis in Histopathology
Biopsies: excisional and incisional.
Smears: exfoliative and fine needle aspiration.