1. Chapter 4 Sexual Anatomy 1-1
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2. Female Sexual Organs Classified into two categories:
1. External organs
2. Internal organs
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3. Female External Organs
Clitoris
Mons pubis
Inner lips
Outer lips
Vaginal opening
Organs collectively known as vulva
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5. Clitoris Sensitive organ important in female sexual response
Tip - knob of tissue externally in front of vaginal opening and urethral opening
Shaft - consists of 2 corpora cavernosa
Crura - two longer spongy bodies that lie deep in body and run from tip to either side of vagina
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6. Mons Pubis Also called mons or mons veneris
Rounded, fatty pad of tissue, covered with pubic hair, at front of the body
Lies on top of the pubic bones
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7. Labia Labia majora - outer lips
rounded pads of fatty tissue lying along both sides of vaginal opening, covered with pubic hair
Labia minora - inner lips
two hairless folds of skin lying between the outer lips and running right along the edge of the vaginal opening
the inner lips extend forward and come together in front, forming the clitoral hood
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9. Hymen
Thin membrane which, if present, partially covers the vaginal opening
Varies in physical types
Also called “cherry” or “maidenhead”
Not a sign of virginity
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11. Female Internal Organs
Vagina
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
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13. Vagina Tube-shaped organ into which penis is inserted during coitus
Passageway through which a baby travels during birth; sometimes called birth canal
8 to 10 cm. long in unaroused state
At the bottom it ends in the vaginal opening or introitus
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14. Vestibular Bulbs Bulbs of the clitoris
Two organs about the size and shape of a pea pod
Lie on either side of vaginal wall, near the entrance, under the inner lips
They are erectile tissue and lie close to the crura of the clitoris
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15. Uterus Also called womb
Size of a fist and is shaped like an upside-down pear
Cervix - narrow lower third of uterus
Fundus - top of uterus
Body - main part of uterus
3 layers of uterus
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium or serosa
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16. Fallopian Tubes Also called oviducts or uterine tubes
Extremely narrow, lined with hairlike projections called cilia
Pathway by which egg leaves ovaries and the sperm reach the egg
Fertilization of egg typically occurs in the infundibulum, section of tube closest to ovary
Fimbria -fingerlike projections on end of fallopian tube
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17. Ovaries
Two organs about size and shape of unshelled almonds; lie on either side of uterus
2 functions:
Produce eggs (ova)
Manufacture female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone
Contain numerous follicles - capsule that surrounds an egg
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20. Breasts
Breasts consist of 15 or 20 clusters of mammary glands, each with a separate opening to the nipple, and of fatty and fibrous tissue which surrounds the clusters of glands
Nipple - where milk ducts open; at the tip of the breasts
Aerola - area surrounding the nipple
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22. Male External Organs Penis Scrotum or Scrotal Sac 1-22
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24. Penis Glans - end or tip of penis
Meatus or urethral opening- opening at the end of the glans; urine and semen pass through
Root - part of penis that attaches to the body
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25. Penis Body or shaft - main part of the penis
Corona - raised ridge separating glans from the body of the penis
Foreskin - prepuce; layer of skin that covers the glans
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26. Internal Structure of Penis
Contains 3 long cylinders:
Corpora cavernosa - 2 spongy bodies lying on top
Corpus spongiosum - single body lying on the bottom of the penis; urethra runs through the middle of it
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28. Surgical cutting away or removal of the foreskin
Done for cultural and religious reasons
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29. Scrotum Also known as scrotal sac
Loose pouch of skin, lightly covered with hair
Contains the testes
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30. Male Internal Organs Testes - are the gonads or reproductive glands
Function:
Manufacture germ cells (sperm)
Manufacture sex hormones; testosterone
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32. Male Internal Organs
Seminiferous tubules - long series of threadlike tubes in testes; manufacture & store sperm
Interstitial cells - or Leydig’s cells
Function to produce testosterone
Found in the connective tissue lying between the seminiferous tubules
Epididymis - long tube coiled into a small crescent shaped region on the top and side of the testis
Stores, ripens, & matures sperm
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33. Male Internal Organs
Vas Deferens - tube that goes up and out of the scrotum and eventually passes through the prostate where it is called the ejaculatory duct
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34. Male Internal Organs
Seminal Vesicles - 2 saclike structures that lie above the prostate, behind the bladder, and in front of the rectum; produce 70% of the seminal fluid, or ejaculate
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35. Male Internal Organs
Prostate - lies below the bladder; size and shape of a chestnut
Secretes a milky alkaline fluid that is part of the ejaculate
Cowper’s Glands - bulbourethral glands - located below prostate and empty into urethra
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36. Breast Cancer Second most common form of cancer in women
Causes: genetic factors, virus, diet, cigarette smoking
Diagnosis - do a breast self-exam regularly; once a month
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38. Breast Cancer
Types of treatments: radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery
Radical Mastectomy - surgery in which breast and underlying muscle & lymph nodes are removed
Psychological aspects - can be traumatic
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39. Cancer of the Cervix Third most common form of cancer in women
Cause: unknown, but virus suspected
Is curable
Pap test - highly accurate test that detects cancer
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41. Cancer of the Prostate Second most common form of cancer in men
Early symptoms: frequent urination, difficulty in urination, difficulty emptying the bladder
Diagnosis: rectal examination; men over 40 should have a yearly rectal exam
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42. Cancer of the Testes A disease of young men
First sign - painless lump in the testes, or slight enlargement or change in consistency of the testes, pain in lower abdomen or groin
Diagnosis - physician exam or testicular self-exam & ultrasound
Cause - unknown
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