1. Globalization and europeanization
Definitions

2. What is Globalization?
Intensification of worldwide social relations and interactions
A stretching of social, political and economic activities across political frontiers such that distant events acquire very localized impacts and vice versa.
Intensification and the growing magnitude of interconnectedness in many spheres
Accelerating pace of transborder interactions and processes
Growing collective awareness of the world as a shared social space.
Facilitated by information and transportation technology

3. Domains of Globalization
Economic: long distance flows of goods, services, capital, and information
Capital flight
Socio-cultural: movement of ideas, people, information, and images
Migration and multi-culturalism
MTV, Youtube
Environment: long-distance spread of pollution and disease
Global warming
Health epidemics
Military: long-distance organization and projection of force
International terrorist networks

4. Globalists and Skeptics
Is it historically unprecedented?
Age of colonialism
Is it irreversible?
Events of 11 September
Global financial crisis
Is it Empire in disguise?
Is it a stage of capitalism?
Is it a discourse?

5. What is Europeanization?
Development of institutions of governance at the European level (European Union, Council of Europe)
Common agricultural policy, monetary union
European Court of Human Rights
Subjection of domestic politics to European policy- making and norms
Europeanization of social security systems
Exporting European forms of organization and governance beyond EU territory
Membership conditionality
Association relationships

6. Globalization and Europeanization
Europeanization –an intensified form of globalization on a regional scale
Europeanization –a regional response to globalization
Representative institutions
Social and redistributive policies

7. Political Power
and Globalization

8. Reconfiguration of Political Power
Modern state as principal type of political rule
18th and 19th century
Correspondence between territory, sovereignty, and legitimacy
Supreme jurisdiction over a demarcated political area
Enjoying a monopoly of coercive power
Nation-state: Legitimacy based on consent and loyalty of citizens
International society of states
Territorial sovereignty
Formal equality
Non-intervention in internal affairs
State consent

9. Reconfiguration of Political Power
New international actors
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
Multi-national corporations (MNCs)
International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and transnational social movements
International terrorist and criminal networks
Increasing number of international treaties
Cosmopolitan law –limiting the political power of individual states

10. Intergovernmental Organizations
Associations of states created to advance common goals and whose activities extend beyond national boundaries.
Based on the principle of sovereign equality.
United Nations and the UN system (global)
To maintain international peace and security
To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character
International Labor Organization
World Health Organization
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

11. Intergovernmental Organizations
Economic Institutions
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
Regional Organizations
European Union
North American Free Trade Area
Organization of American States
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
African Union

12. IGOs and Globalization
Promotion of free markets, liberal democracy, and human rights
Single purpose to multi-purpose
More intrusive, states cede sovereignty voluntarily.
Peace-making and state-building
East Timor, UN Transnational Administration, ; Kosovo, UN Transnational Administration, ; Bosnia UN Mission
Membership conditionality
European Union and Council of Europe
World Trade Organization
Adjudication
World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement
European Court of Human Rights

13. International Non-governmental Organizations
Non-state actors organized transnationally around a particular issue area
Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, Greenpeace
Roles:
Provide information
Issue-based campaigns
Transnational leverage
Administer local projects, deliver assistance
Assets:
Credibility: do not represent state or commercial interests
Represent local and grassroots constituencies

14. Number of IGOs and INGOs

15. MNCs and Public/Private Partnerships
Multi-National Corporations: engages in foreign direct investment and owns or controls value-added activities in more than one country
Public/private partnerships
Private security: Blackhawk in Iraq
Health sector, vaccines and fight against disease
Global Compact: MNCs, IGOs, INGOs, and governments cooperate to advocate core values.
Private sector standard- setting to avoid public regulation
Accounting, credit-rating, product health and safety standards

16. Human Rights 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Many covenants and protocols
Sovereignty as responsibility and responsibility to protect UN Report and resolution
States have the primary responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity
The international community has responsibility to provide assistance to states in building capacity for the above.
The international community has responsibility to take timely and decisive action against states that fail to protect their populations

17. Crimes against Humanity- International Tribunals
Nuremburg Trials after WW2
International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia
ICT for Rwanda
Special Courts (Sierra Leone, Lebanon, Cambodia)
International Criminal Court 2002
Cases where accused is a citizen of a state party. (China, US, Russia, Turkey are not parties)
Cases after founding Rome Treaty came into effect.
Uganda, DR Congo, Central African Republic, Darfur (Sudan)
Nazi genocide did not actually violate either international law or German law. Therefore a new category of legal offenses –crimes against humanity- was created in order to punish those responsible. Not used until ICTY.

18. Pinochet Controversy Brutal dictatorship in Chile, 1973-1990.
Spain’s National Court initiated investigations on human rights violations against Spaniards in Chile during Pinochet regime.
Pinochet was arrested in the UK at the request of Spain on murder charges in 1998
in 2000 British Home Secretary Jack Straw decided that Gen Pinochet can return to Chile
In March 2000, after Pinochet's return, the Congress approved a constitutional amendment which granted him immunity from prosecution
General Pinochet ousted Allende in a CIA-sponsored coup and established a brutal dictatorship in 1973, dissolved the Congress and declared a country-wide state of siege
General Pinochet was filed by relatives of "disappeared" detainees and political parties on cases of human rights violations committed during the military government (ordering killings, abductions and torture of over 1000 Chileans and others during his 17 years of rule
In Spain, the National Court (Audiencia Nacional) initiated investigations on human rights violations against Spaniards in Chile during the government of General Pinochet

19. Pinochet Controversy

20. The International Criminal Court and Sudan President Omar Al-Bashir
ICC issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir in March 2009, for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Darfur
Sudan's President Omar al- Bashir delayed his visit to Turkey for Organization of the Islamic Conference in November 2009
Turkey and Sudan do not
recognize the ICC and the Rome Statue
Gul and al-Bashir
During Darfur War, which started in 2003, approximately 300,000 non-Arab population (Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa) were killed by by the Janjaweed militia (backed by Sudanese army) and 2.5 million people were displaced.

21. Reconfiguration of Political Power in Europe
Issues of exclusive competence, shared competence, and national (complementary) competence.
Exclusive: Common trade policy, monetary policy
Shared: social policy, environmental policy
National: education, culture
EU institutions:
European Commission: represent European interest. One bureaucrat/ state
European Council: represent national interests. Vote weights proportional to population
European Parliament: directly elected. Represent ideological interests. Seats proportional to population

22. Reconfiguration of Political Power in Europe
Policy-making:
Intergovernmentalism: unanimity in European Council, little role for Commission and Parliament.
Supranationalism: Commission sets agenda, Council decides on majority vote with the Parliament.
Multi-level governance: sharing of decision-making between European, national, and local levels.