1. The Tissue Level of Organization
Group of similar cells
common function
Histology
study of tissues
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2. 4 Basic Types of Tissues Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
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3. 4 Basic Tissues 1. Epithelial Tissue covers surfaces
lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
forms glands
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4. Epithelial Tissue -- General Features
Closely packed cells
Avascular---without blood vessels
nutrients diffuse in from underlying connective tissue
Good nerve supply
Rapid cell division
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5. Basement Membrane holds epithelial cells to connective tissue
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6. Classification of Epithelium
simple = one cell layer thick
stratified = many cell layers thick
pseudostratified = single layer of cells where all cells don’t reach surface
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7. cuboidal = cube-shaped columnar = tall column
squamous =flat
cuboidal = cube-shaped
columnar = tall column
transitional = shape varies with tissue stretching
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8. Simple Squamous Epithelium
Single layer of flat cells
found in blood vessels and air sacs in respiratory system
very thin --- controls diffusion, osmosis and filtration
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9. Examples of Simple Squamous
Section of intestinal
Surface view of lining of peritoneal cavity
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10. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Single layer of cube-shaped cells
Lines the tubes of the kidney
Absorption or secretion
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11. Example of Simple Cuboidal
Sectional view of kidney tubules
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12. Nonciliated Simple Columnar
Single layer rectangular cells
goblet cells - secrete mucus (lubricate)
Microvilli = fingerlike cytoplasmic projections
for absorption in digestive system(stomach to anus)
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13. Ex. Nonciliated Simple Columnar
Section from small intestine
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14. Pseudostratified Columnar
Single cell layer
Not all cells reach the surface
Goblet cells: mucus traps foreign particles
Respiratory system
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15. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Several cell layers thick
Surface cells flat
Keratinized = surface cells dead and filled with keratin
skin (epidermis)
Nonkeratinized = no keratin in moist living cells at surface
mouth, vagina
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16. Example of Stratified Squamous
Section of vagina
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17. Papanicolaou Smear (Pap smear)
Collect sloughed off cells of uterus and vaginal walls
Detect cellular changes (precancerous cells)
Annually for women over 18 or if sexually active
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18. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Multilayered
Surface cells columnar
Rare (very large ducts & part of male urethra)
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19. Transitional Epithelium
Multilayered
Allows tissue to expand and contract
Lines hollow organs that expand from within (urinary bladder)
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20. Glandular Epithelium **Made of cuboidal cells
Exocrine glands
cells that secrete---sweat, ear wax, saliva, digestive enzymes through ducts
Ex: saliva travels to the oral cavity through ducts
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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21. Duct of Multicellular Glands
Sweat gland duct
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
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22. Modes of Glandular Secretion (How glands secrete the “stuff” they make)
Merocrine -- most glands
cells release their products by exocytosis---saliva, digestive enzymes & sweat
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23. whole cells die & rupture to release their products
Holocrine -- oil gland
whole cells die & rupture to release their products
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24. Most abundant type of tissue supports and binds structures together
2. Connective Tissue
Most abundant type of tissue
supports and binds structures together
stores energy as fat
provides immunity to disease
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25. Connective Tissues Cells rarely touch
Matrix: substance surrounding cells
liquid, gel or solid
Good nerve & blood supply except cartilage & tendons
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26. Reticular Connective Tissue
Holds organ together (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)
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27. Elastic Connective Tissue
Can stretch & still return to original shape
Lung tissue, vocal cords, ligament between vertebrae
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28. Adipose Tissue Cell contains large fat storage droplet
Deeper layer of skin, organ padding, yellow marrow
Reduces heat loss, energy storage, protection
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29. Areolar Connective Tissue
Cell types = fibroblasts, plasma cells,
macrophages, mast cells and a few white
blood cells
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30. Areolar Connective Tissue
Made of elastin and collagen fibers
Found under skin
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31. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
White, tough and pliable (forms tendons)
Also known as white fibrous connective tissue
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32. Blood
Cell types = red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and cell fragments called platelets
Provide clotting, immune functions, carry O2 and CO2
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33. Compact Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Osteon = lamellae (rings) of mineralized matrix
calcium & phosphate---give it its hardness
interwoven collagen fibers provide strength
Osteocytes in spaces (lacunae) in between lamellae
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34. Hyaline Cartilage No blood vessels or nerves so repair is very slow
Located between joints, larynx, trachea, bronchi, nose
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35. Elastic Cartilage
Elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformations
Ear, nose, vocal cartilages
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36. Fibrocartilage Many more collagen fibers causes rigidity & stiffness
Strongest type of cartilage (intervertebral discs)
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37. Growth & Repair of Cartilage
Grows and repairs slowly because is avascular
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38. 4 Basic Tissues 3. Muscle Tissue cells have the ability to contract
Provide us with motion, posture and heat
4. Nerve Tissue
cells that conduct electrical signals
detects changes inside and outside the body and responds with nerve impulses
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39. Smooth Muscle
Walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, GI tract, bladder)
Involuntary and nonstriated
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40. Cardiac Muscle Cells are branched cylinders with one central nuclei
Involuntary and striated
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41. Skeletal Muscle Visible light and dark banding (striated)
Voluntary or conscious control
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42. Nerve Tissue Cell types – neurons and neuroglial (supporting) cells
Nerve cell (neuron) structure
nucleus & long cell processes conduct nerve signals
dendrite --- signal travels towards the cell body
axon ---- signal travels away from cell body
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43. Why does cartilage heal so slowly?
Bellringer
Why does cartilage heal so slowly?
What kind of tissue is found in the skin?
Give two examples of connective tissue.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
What makes nervous tissue unique?
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44. Read and take notes about Tissue Repair Regular anatomy: Pgs 100-101
Honors Anatomy: Pgs
Be prepared to discuss this section and answer questions from me. 
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45. Read pages 140-141 Inflammation and Regeneration
Bellringer
Read pages Inflammation and Regeneration
Describe the process of healing an injured tissue
This should take you more than 5 minutes to complete!!
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