1. Tissues, Part 1: Epithelial Tissue
Chapter 4
Introduction to the Human Body

2. Chapter Objectives
Describe the characteristics of the 4 basic types of tissue that make up the human body.
Describe the structure & function of squamous, cuboidal, and columnar epithelium.
Differentiate between simple and stratified epithelium.

3. Warm Up #1
Which type of tissue (epithelial, connective, muscle, or nervous):
Contracts to move things?
Covers the body’s exterior?
Communicates information?
Holds things together?
Produces body heat?
Lines body cavities?

4. Tissues
All about tissues
Tissue
Histology
Pathology

5. 4 Types of Tissues Tissues & functions Epithelial Connective Muscular
Nervous

6. Epithelium Epithelial Tissue (epithelium, epithelia) 2 types:
Covering and lining
Glandular

7. Epithelium, cont. Features: Closely packed cells arranged in sheets
3 surfaces:
Apical
Lateral
Basal
Basement membrane underneath
Avascular
Innervated
High capacity for renewal

8. Covering & Lining Epithelium
3 cell types:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple or stratified
Simple
Stratified

9. Simple Epithelium Simple squamous
Function: Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption.
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Simple cuboidal—secretion & absorption
Simple columnar
Contain goblet cells that secrete mucus
May have microvilli (fingerlike projections) to absorb substances.
May be ciliated to move substances like mucus.

10. Epithelium: Simple Squamous

12. Epithelium: Simple Cuboidal

14. Epithelium: Nonciliated Simple Columnar

16. Epithelium: Ciliated Simple Columnar

18. Stratified Epithelium
Stratified squamous
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Stratified cuboidal & stratified columnar (uncommon)
Transitional
Stratified
Changes shape (cuboidal to squamous)
Elastic / stretching

19. Epithelium: Stratified Squamous

21. Epithelium: Stratified Cuboidal

22. Epithelium: Stratified Columnar

23. Epithelium: Transitional

24. Stretched vs. Relaxed Transitional Epithelium

25. Pseudostratified Epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar
Found in upper respiratory tract
Contain goblet cells and usually contain cilia

26. Pseudostratified Columnar

28. Review Which tissue is: Like a coffee filter? Single tall layer?
Not layered, but looks like it?
Very stretchy?
Found mainly in your skin?
Found inside your mouth?

29. Warm Up #2: Be Creative!
Write a non-biological analogy for the following:
Simple squamous epithelium
Cilia
Microvilli
Basement membrane
Stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Goblet cells
Pseudostratified epithelium

30. Glandular Epithelium Glandular Epithelium Function: secretion
Glands—cells that secrete a substance into a duct, surface, or into blood.
Endocrine
Secrete hormones into interstitial fluid
Ex: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, etc.
Exocrine
Secrete into ducts that lead to a free surface.
Ex: Sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas, etc.

31. Glandular Epithelium: Endocrine

32. Glandular Epithelium: Exocrine

33. Review Review of epithelium
Characteristics: Avascular, innervated, rapid regeneration, has a basement membrane.
3 types: Squamous, cuboidal, & columnar.
May be simple or stratified.
Functions: protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, sensory reception, & reproduction.
Includes covering, linings, & glands.