2. Ice Skating
By Diana Schulze

3. History long and strong winters in Europe
Frederico Formenti: “Earliest ice skating more than 3000 years old”
earliest skates were made out of bones
following skates: - wooden skates with iron facings - skates entirely made out of iron - steel skates with straps and clamps
to suggest – (hier) behaupten
to occur – auftreten, vorkommen
to originate – entstehen

4. Technical aspects
shoe: leather, cotton, hard-covered, partly carbon, etc.
Holder Stabilizer blade
Runner
blade – Kufe
runner (here: knife) - Messer
t‘blade t55

5. Technical aspects
Duden: Ice skating is moving on ice by using ice skates.
while moving on the ice surface  heat at a local area  ice melt
at 0°C ice prossesses a few nm thick liquid layer on it‘s surface
thin water layer between ice and blade  small sliding friction
concentrating weight on ice high pressure  stop a vertically slide
in accord with – laut, nach, gemäß
layer – Schicht, Film
sliding friction – Gleitreibung
static friction – Haftreibung
rotor – Läufer
to brace – abstützen
digging – grabend, schürfend
edge – Kante

6. Sports and their requirements
Figure skating - skater perform special movements like spins, jumps and lifts blade: two distinct edges – inside and outside  skate only on one edge!
Short track speed skating, Speed skating - record: more than 13 meter per second - folding blade
Synchronized skating
Ice hockey, Sledge hockey  paralympic sport - short blades for a dynamic run - also important: the “Rocker” = contact area  flexibility - hollow grinding  influenced edge of the blade
Curling, Ice stock sport
Ice boating, ice fishing, ice swimming, etc.
groove – Kerbe hollow grinding – Hohlschliff

7. Freestyle ice skating

8. Sources http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/ice_skating.aspx#1

9. Thank you for your attention !