1. Blood borne Pathogens
Chapter 4

2. Blood borne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms that can potentially cause disease and are present in human blood and other body fluids, including semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and any other fluid contaminated with blood.

3. The two most significant bloodborne pathogens are HBV (Hepatitis B) and HIV.
Other bloodborne diseases:
Hepatitis A - Hepatitis D
Hepatitis C - Syphilis
HBV has a higher possibility for spread than HIV.

4. Hepatitis B Virus
A major cause of viral infection; it results in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function in the liver.
Signs and Symptoms: Flulike
Fatigue - Headache
Weakness - Fever
Nausea - Possible
Abdominal pain Jaundice

5. Prevention Good personal hygiene Avoiding high-risk activities
Hepatitis B virus can survive for at least one week in dried blood or on contaminated surfaces and may be transmitted through contact with these surfaces.
Caution must be taken.

6. Management
Vaccination against HBV must be made available be the employer at no cost to any individual who may be exposed to blood or other body fluids and may thus be at risk of contracting HBV.
Follow Policy and Procedures for any and all blood exposure.

7. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV is a retrovirus that combines with a host cell.
Retrovirus: a virus that enters a host cell and changes its RNA to a proviral DNA replica.
A number of cells in the immune system may be infected.

8. HIV Signs and Symptoms Fatigue - Night Sweats Weight Loss - Fever
Muscle or joint pain
Painful/Swollen Glands
Antibodies to HIV can be detected in a blood test w/in 1 year after exposure.

9. Management Good personal hygiene Avoiding high-risk activities
Follow Policy and Procedures for any and all blood exposure.
Unlike HBV, there is no vaccine for HIV.

10. HIV Risk Reduction
Avoid contact with others’ bodily fluid, feces and semen when possible
When not possible, use proper universal precautions as set by OSHA
Avoid sharing needles
Get regular tests for transmittable diseases when contact has been made

11. Risk Categories for HIV Transmission in Sports
Highest Risk: boxing
martial arts
wrestling
rugby

12. Risk Categories for HIV Transmission in Sports
Moderate Risk: basketball, field hockey, football, ice hockey, soccer, team handball

13. Lower Risk: archery, badminton,. baseball, bowling, canoeing
Lower Risk: archery, badminton, baseball, bowling, canoeing /kayaking, cycling, diving, equestrianism, fencing, skating, gymnastics, racquetball, rowing, shooting, softball, skiing, swimming, tennis, volleyball, water polo, weight lifting

14. Glove Use and Removal
Avoid touching personal items when wearing contaminated gloves
Remove first glove and turn inside out, beginning at wrist to peel off without touching skin
Remove second glove, making sure not to touch ungloved hand to soiled surface
Discard gloves that have been used, discolored, torn or punctured
Wash hands immediately after glove removal