1. PART II: DEBATING THE U.N.’s ROLE

2. What was the original goal of the U.N. ?
To maintain international peace and security
How has this goal evolved since the end of WWII?

3. 3 debatable components to the U.N.:
1. The Security Council
2. peacekeeping operations
3. Human rights

4. Identify the key question for each of the following categories:
Representation:
Who should hold power within the U.N.?
Mandate:
What is the scope of the U.N.’s responsiblities?
Effectivness:
How should the U.N. be organized and run?

5. Begin reading U.N. part II on the class website
Answer the questions on the study guide and be prepared to discuss your answers.

6. List 2 proposals that UN member states have suggested to reform the Security Council:
1. expanding the permanent members of the SC. (Brazil, India, Germany, Japan possible additions)
2. Adding non-permanent seats so that each region is represented in the SC. (Africa, Latin America/Carribean)

7. Why did some U.S. senators oppose signing the Genocide Convention?
By signing, it may sacrifice some U.S. sovereignty.
May cause the U.N. to question internal affairs in the U.S.A.

8. 3 U.N. Case Studies Bosnia, 1994 Timor-Leste, 2002 Sudan (Darfur) 2004
Next we will examine 3 times in recent history when the U.N. played a role in an international crisis….
Bosnia, 1994
Timor-Leste, 2002
Sudan (Darfur) 2004

9. Bosnia: What was the aim of the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Bosnia?
Enforce trade sanctions and a no fly zone against Serbia.
Serbia had begun to kill, rape, and terrorize Croats and Muslims living in this E. European region.

11. Bosnia: How did this mission’s limited mandate affect its ability to protect people in Bosnia?
The mandate did not allow U.N. peacekeepers to use arms or force to prevent the atrocities being committed by Serbs against Croats and Muslims.

12. Bosnia: What happened in Srebenica?
S-RAY-BEN-E-SEE-A
U.N. peacekeepers + Croats/Muslims were taken hostage by Serbia. The U.N. never responded to help, N.A.T.O. had to step in to try and end the crisis.

13. Timor-Leste: What did the UN peacekeeping mission establish in Timor-Leste that no other UN mission had attempted before?
A peace enforcement mission that led to a UN sponsored creation of a government for the people of Timor-Leste.
Peacekeeping-Peace Enforcement-Peace Building

15. Post movie discussion:
“At the U.N., Political realities can often stand in the way of swift and appropriate action.” How does the movie support this quote?
What were some the “political realities”?
What should have been the “swift and appropriate action”?
The Darfur crisis illustrates one of the worse violations of Human Rights in world history.

16. Human Rights
Established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Eleanor Roosevelt,1948.
Evolved with the creation of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and 53 member Commission in 1993.
Changed yet again in 2006, with the commission being replaced by The Human Rights Council. (Sudan was on the commission in 2004!)