1. Laboratory development of an autonomic parking management system
PhD Eng. Razvan Andrei Gheorghiu, Senior Lecturer
PhD Eng. Valentin Iordache, Assistant Lecturer
PhD Eng. Angel Ciprian Cormos, Senior Lecturer
“Politehnica” University of Bucharest

2. Overview Introduction Parking system architecture
Parking system functions
Scenario description
Ground conditions
Local system architecture
Software description
Implemented self-* properties

3. Autonomic systems Self-Awareness Self-Configuration Self-Optimization
Self-Healing
Self-Protection
Context Awareness
Open
Intelligence

4. Parking system architecture
Traffic Management System
Public Transport Management System
Parking System Coordinator
Local Parking Management system
Local Sensors and Actuators

5. Parking system functions
managing parking spaces;
offering information about free/occupied parking spaces;
surveillance of the parking lot;
guiding drivers to a free space;
detecting vehicles and vehicle’s movement;
activation of guiding signs;
access barriers operation.

6. Scenario description

7. Ground conditions
(because of the small scale representation and some hardware/software limitations)
Movement inside the parking lot is permitted only to one vehicle at a time.
As a result, entrance is not permitted if another vehicle is moving inside (to a free space or to the exit).
Entrance is permitted if no free spaces are available and vehicle will be guided to the exit.
Movement is allowed only in one direction, without turnings.

8. Local System Architecture

9. Software description Procedure for activating sensors
Procedure for gathering data from sensors
Detection of two consecutive sensor errors
Procedure for calculation of free spaces number on system initialization
Algorithm for path selection when a vehicle wants to exit parking lot
Algorithm for barrier 1 opening and path selection when a vehicle activates "access sensor 1“
Algorithm for barrier 1 opening and path selection when access sensor 1 is in error state
Algorithms for the paths to parking spaces
Algorithm for the path from entrance to exit of the parking lot
Algorithms for the paths from parking spaces to exit of the parking lot
Entrance message display

10. Implemented self-* properties
Automatic allocation of free parking spaces was implemented in the software, the algorithm being presented in part 6 of previous chapter.
Automatic guidance of drivers to a free parking space or to the exit if none are available was implemented in the software, the algorithm being presented in part 8 of previous chapter.
Automatic reallocation of free parking spaces if a driver fails to park on the designated one was implemented in the software, the algorithm being presented also in part 8 of previous chapter.

11. Implemented self-* properties (cont.)
Automatic sensor functionality checking was implemented in the software, the algorithm being presented in parts 2 and 3 of previous chapter.
Estimation of a vehicle position when a sensor fails, using data from neighbor sensors, the algorithms being presented in parts 6 and 7 of previous chapter.
Basic differentiation between vehicles and pedestrians was not implemented. The main reason is that this would be possible (under certain condition) only by using two sensors for each position, instead of one, which will increase the cost of the system and the complexity of the software.

12. Conclusions
The Arduino boards completed their task successfully. However, they will be sometime unsuitable for use in real application because of the I2C communication limited distance.
The ultrasonic sensors, were a problematic choice to use for vehicle detection:
The wide area of detection, which in a real case is very useful, was a big problem for a small scale testing board.
The number of errors in distance measurement was relatively high.
The difficulty to differentiate between detection of a vehicle and detection of other moving objects or pedestrians.

13. Thank you!