1. Classification

2. Finding Order in Diversity
Why Classify?
Finding Order in Diversity
13 billion species of organisms alive today.
Millions more species yet to be discovered.

3. Taxonomy
The science of identifying and naming species and organizing them into systems of classification.
1- Shows relationships between organisms by grouping together living things that have similar characteristics.
2- The last two levels assign a Scientific name for that organism.

4. Carl Linnaeus
Father of Taxonomy
Latin
Greek

5. Linnaeus System of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

6. Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos

7. Kingdom Largest Group of organisms Very general Characteristics
Six Kingdoms

9. THE MODERN BASIC 6-KINGDOM System
EUBACTERIA Prokaryotes (no nucleus);  always unicellular (single-celled).  Bacteria.  May have plant, fungus, or animal characteristics.
ARCHAEA Prokaryotes;  always unicellular.  Adapted to unusual and/or extreme conditions, such as very hot, very salty, or no-oxygen environments.  Have several different cellular chemistries from Eu.
PROTISTA Eukaryotes (nucleus in cell);  mostly unicellular, or collections of very similar cells.  May have plant, fungus, or animal characteristics.
PLANTAE Eukaryotes;  multicellular;  capable of photosynthesis, production of complex molecules from simple molecules using light.
ANIMALIA Eukaryotes;  multicellular;  must obtain complex food molecules from external source, broken down and absorbed internally.  Usually capable of movement.
FUNGI Eukaryotes;  almost all multicellular;  must obtain complex food molecules from external source, absorbed through external surface.  Almost never capable of movement.

11. Phylum (phyla)
Approximately 35 animal phyla
Nine major phyla

15. Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: tigris Subspecies: Panthera tigris altaica, Panthera tigris amoyensis, Panthera tigris corbetti, Panthera tigris sumatrae, Panthera tigris tigris

16. House Fly Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Muscidae
Genus: Musca (fly)
Species: domestica (house)

17. Kingdom: Animalia (with eukaryotic cells having cell membrane but lacking cell wall, multicellular, heterotrophic)
Phylum: Chordata (animals with a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits, which may be vestigial)
Subphylum: Vertebrata (possessing a backbone, which may be
cartilaginous, to protect the dorsal nerve cord)
Class: Mammalia (endothermic vertebrates with hair and mammary glands which, in females, secrete milk to nourish young)
Subclass: Placentalia (giving birth to live young after a full internal gestation period)
Order: Primates (collar bone, eyes face forward, grasping hands with fingers, and two types of teeth: incisors and molars)
Family: Hominidae (upright posture, large brain, stereoscopic vision, flat face, hands and feet have different specializations)
Genus: Homo (s-curved spine, "man")
Species: sapiens (high forehead, well-developed chin, skull bones)

24. Common Names
When identifying an organism, familiar names — like human, fruit fly, or maple tree — are most likely the names you use.
However, each type of organism has a scientific name — humans are called Homo sapiens, for example.
Scientific names are derived from the genus and species names in a system known as binomial nomenclature (“bi” = two; “nom” = name).
When species names appear in print, the genus is always capitalized and the species name is not.

26. Common names vs. scientific names.
Puma
Mountain Lion
Cougar
Panther
Painter
Catamount
Felis concolor

27. Commonly known as an Isopod Pill bug Sow bug Potato bug Roly-poly
Small, terrestrial crustacean which rolls up into a ball when disturbed.
Commonly known as an Isopod
Pill bug
Sow bug
Potato bug
Roly-poly
Sow's ear.
Its scientific name is
Armadillium vulgare.

28. Scientific Names binomial nomenclature
This system allows for a common language with which biologists can both classify and compare organisms.
It also provides a basis for biologists to communicate their findings with other scientists. (universal system)

29. Foul or poisonous stench

30. What do the names mean?
For one thing, they are usually Latin or Greek words.
Why?
Because when Carolus Linnaeus started this system of categorization in the 1700s, Latin and Greek were the languages used for literature and science.

31. The words can mean several different things:
We have continued this tradition ever since, although some scientific names also have words from other languages.
The words can mean several different things:
they might describe how an animal looks, where it is found, or who discovered it.
Sometimes a scientific name honors another scientist, like the flower Fuchsia. A man named Charles Plumier described this plant for science, but he named it after someone whom he admired, Leonard Fuchs.

32. This poison frog's scientific name, Dendrobates azureus, means blue tree-walker!

33. The king vulture Sarcorhamphus papa has a scientific name that means "father or leader with a fleshy, curved beak."

34. Common names can be wrong
Jelly fish
Sea jellies

35. Sea Horse

36. Star fish
Sea stars

37. Ring worm

38. Koala bear
Phascolarctos cinereus

39. Can show relationships
Canis

40. Lion vs. Tiger
Panthera leo Panthera tigris

41. Grizzly Bear vs. Polar Bear
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus

42. Panda Bear vs. Grizzly Bear
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Ursus arctos

43. 4 Bear species Species: Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda)
Helarctos malayanus (Sun Bear)
Melursus ursinus (Sloth Bear)
Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled Bear)
Ursus americanus (American Black Bear)
Ursus arctos (Brown bear)
Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)
Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic Black Bear)