1. EFFECTS OF CONTAINER SHIP SPEED ON SUPPLY CHAINS’ CO2 EMISSION
Dr. TRAN Nguyen Khoi
Maritime Institute
Prof. Dr. LAM Siu Lee Jasmine
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering

2. Outline Research background Research issues Data and methodology
Results and analyses
Conclusions

3. 1. Background Container shipping – a backbone of global supply chains
15% in terms of volume – 60% in term of value
Key decisive factors – port choice, ship deployment, service frequency and transit speed

4. 1. Background Transit speed influences on: Shipping costs
Transit time between ports and lead time in supply chain
CO2 emissions

5. 2. Research issue
Effects of speed on cargo lead time and CO2 emissions
Studying ship speed in the context of supply chains

6. 3. Data and Methodology
Simulate door-to-door container flows via an end-to-end route:
Transporting from the original point to the loading port
Dwelling in the loading port
Shipping between loading and unloading ports
Dwelling in the unloading port
Transporting to the destination

7. Simulation process
Input data of cargo flow, route, ship, port-to-port distance and inland distance
Establishing models of fuel consumption
Simulating flow movement
Calculating time indicators
Calculating CO2 emission

8. 3. Data and Methodology
Apply in a monthly trade between the USA and Europe
6,000 TEU ships on a Trans-Atlantic route: Le Havre -> Felixstowe -> Bremerhaven -> Hamburg -> Rotterdam -> Antwerp -> New York -> Norfolk -> Baltimore -> Charleston -> Savannah -> Houston -> Le Havre
Number of flows
Total TEUs
Total boxes
Total value
Europe to US
3,920
97,578
59,154
$5,517,965,376
US to Europe
2,594
74,348
42,318
$4,013,047,458

9. 4. Results and Analyses

10. Breakdown of CO2 emissions and Lead time
Landside
In ports
Seaside
Total
CO2 emissions (kg per TEU)
Inland transport
251 -
Handling operation
17.29
Ship operation
23.3
850
873.3
Time (hour)
10.6
229.8
281.53
515.31
Ship size: 6,000 TEUs; transit speed of 20 knots, route length 11,860 miles

11. Breakdown of fuel consumption per voyage

12. Speed effects on lead time and CO2 emission

13. Speed effects on supply chains’ cost

14. 5. Conclusions Examine effects of ship speed on the whole supply chain
Considerable effects regarding cargo lead time and carbon footprint
Slow steaming – benefits operators and environments, but raise shippers’ inventory cost

15. Thank you very much for your attention.