1. CELLS Structure & Function Review

2. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function
1. Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory.
*All living things are made of cells.
*Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism
* Cells are produced from existing cells.
Small structure in a cell that performs
a specific function
organelle

3. 2. What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell;
When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells
it is called ____________.
chromatin

4. prokaryotes
3. Bacteria are ______________
prokaryotes eukaryotes

5. 4. Name the Cell PEOPLE Robert Hooke Van Leeuwenhoek
German zoologist who
concluded all animals
are made of cells _______________________
English scientist who 1st
saw “little boxes” in cork
and called them cells ___________________
Dutch microscope maker who was
first to observe LIVING cells _____________
Theodor Schwann
Robert Hooke
Van Leeuwenhoek

6. 5. Tell which part does it? Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Burns glucose ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________
Pulls chromosomes during cell division __________________
Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________
Makes proteins ______________________
Contains chromatin ___________________
Cell membrane
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus

7. 6. This storage space is a ___________.
vacuole

8. 7. All cells except bacteria are ____________. prokaryote eukaryote
8. This organelle is the ____________
Rough ER

9. 10. Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell
9. Name two organelles that assists with movement
Cilia , flagella
10. Name the organelle which is called
the “power plant” of the cell
because it provides energy
mitochondrion

10. Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
11. Cells that have a cell membrane
but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________
prokaryotes
Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
nucleus

11. Phospholipids & proteins
12. Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules.
Phospholipids & proteins
Name two other kinds of molecules are
found in an animal cell membrane
Sugars and steroids

12. 13. Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus
Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said
to be ___________________ permeable.
Selectively OR semi-

13. 14. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER
Makes lipids for membranes _____________
Stores energy as ATP ___________________
Spread out DNA __________________
Modifies & transports proteins
made on its ribosomes ____________________
Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells ________________
Supports and protects plant cells ___________________
Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.
Mitochondria
chromatin
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cell wall
ribosomes

14. 15. In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin?
dividing non-dividing
Non-dividing
16. Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside
_____________________
Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts
chloroplasts

15. 17. What’s the function? Make proteins support; protection
Mitochondria ____________________
Ribosomes ___________________
Cell wall __________________
Golgi bodies ____________________
Centrioles ________________
Smooth ER ___________________
burn glucose; make ATP
Make proteins
support; protection
Package molecules for storage
or export
Pull chromosomes apart during cell division
Make steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver

16. 18. This structure is a __________
flagellum

17. 19. Tell which part does it? nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella
Mitochondria
Makes ATP ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________
Help cell move __________________
Modify, sort, & package
substances for transport _________________
Makes ribosomes ______________________
Control center of cell ___________________
nuclear envelope
Cilia or flagella
Golgi bodies
nucleolus
Nucleus

18. 20. Tell one difference between cilia and flagella.
Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

19. 21. Label the parts of the animal cell.
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEUS
VACUOLE D. C. A. E.

20. 22. Label the parts of the plant cell.
A. CYTOPLASM
B. CELL MEMBRANE
C. MITOCHONDRIA
D. NUCLEUS
E. VACUOLE
F. CELL WALL
G. CHLOROPLAST B. C. D. E. G. F.

21. 23. Tell which part does it? cytoskeleton flagella cristae chloroplast
Contains genetic info __________________
Give cell shape/support ____________
Few, long structures for locomotion __________________
Provide more surface area inside mitochondria _________________
Place for photosynthesis __________________
Large storage space ___________________
nucleus
cytoskeleton
flagella
cristae
chloroplast
vacuole

22. Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes.
24. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called
_________ ER.
rough
Membrane bound sac that
contains digestive enzymes.
lysosome

23. This organelle makes ATP.
mitochondrion
25. Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________.
bilayer

24. 26. _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached
smooth
The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton

25. 27. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
polar

26. Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances
28. What is the job of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
Pancake-like stack of membranes
that modify, sort, &package substances
for transport.
Golgi body

27. 29. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria chromosomes Nuclear pores
smooth ER
Breaks down toxins ____________________
Power plant ___________________
Scrunched up DNA __________________
Allows molecules in & out of nucleus ____________________
Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________
Supports and protects bacterial cells ___________________
Mitochondria
chromosomes
Nuclear pores
thylakoids
Cell wall

28.
30. Name the two types of proteins in the drawing.
A. Integral B. Surface

29. 31. What is the function of the Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made
by its ribosomes
32. This organelle is a _____________
Golgi Body

30. 33. What’s the function? Contain DNA; control center
modify/transport proteins
rough ER ____________________
nucleus ___________________
cytoskeleton __________________
cell membrane ____________________
chloroplast ________________
vacuole ___________________
nucleolus ________________________
Contain DNA; control center
support; give shape
Control what enters/leaves cell
photosynthesis
Stores water, food, molecules, waste
Make RNA for ribosomes

31. Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria
34. Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis
thylakoids
Name the folded membranes found
inside mitochondria
cristae

32. 35. The blue part of this phospholipid is the hydrocarbon
35. The blue part of this phospholipid is the hydrocarbon. It stays away from water because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
Non polar

33. 36. Tell what this molecule does
36. Tell what this molecule
does
“self” identification
37.Tell what this molecule does
Store and transfer energy

34. 38. Put in order of increasing size:
Organ cell organ system organism tissue
_______ _________  _________
_____________  ______________
organ
cell
tissue
organ system
organism

35. 39. Put the following cells in order of decreasing size:
Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell
_________ ________  _________
small smaller smallest
Plant
Animal
Bacterium

36. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
40. True or False
Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
41.Name one of the functions of Smooth ER
Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels,
Break down toxic substances

37. 42. A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________
tissue

38. 43. Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike?
Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes

39. 44. Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane
have DNA
have a cytoskeleton
have ribosomes

40. 45. Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell membrane
have DNA
have a cytoskeleton
have ribosomes
The amount of force the vacuole exerts against the cell wall
Full vacuole = high turgor pressure =

41. 46. What is turgor pressure?
The amount of force the vacuole exerts against the cell wall
Full vacuole = high turgor pressure

42. 47. Name the two types of transport in living things.
requires no energy
_____________ TRANSPORT
requires energy
PASSIVE
ACTIVE

43. 48. What happens in passive transport?
molecules move from ______ concentration to ______concentration.
_______________
HIGH
LOW
DIFFUSION

44. EQUILIBRIUM _________________.
49. In diffusion particles keep moving until concentration is equal. This is called
_________________.
EQUILIBRIUM

45. 50. List two molecules that pass through bilayer by DIFFUSION
oxygen, carbon dioxide
Ex.___________________

46. OSMOSIS
51. Movement of water molecules through a membrane is called _____________
OSMOSIS

47. OSMOSIS
52. When the Concentration outside cell equals the concentration inside the cell is said to be ____________.
isotonic
STAYS THE SAME SIZE

48. OSMOSIS
53. When the concentration outside the cell is greater than inside, solution is said to be ____________________
When the cell shrinks it is called _____________
HYPERTONIC
PLASMOLYSIS

49. OSMOSIS
54. When the concentration is less outside than inside it is in a ______________ solution. If the cell expands and bursts it is called ___________________
HYPOTONIC
CYTOLYSIS

50. 55. Describe FACILITATED DIFFUSION.
PASSIVE (No energy needed)
HIGHER TO LOWER
CARRIER PROTEINS GRAB & FLIP IT ACROSS
EXAMPLE: _________________
GLUCOSE

51. 56. Describe ION CHANNELS PASSIVE (No energy needed) HIGHER TO LOWER
CARRIER PROTEINS MAKE A PASSAGEWAY
Examples in cells: _______________________
Na+ , Cl- , Ca + + , K +

52. 57. List three types of active transport. ALL REQUIRE ATP
SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

53. 58. Describe SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
ACTIVE (Uses energy)
USES CARRIER PROTEIN
Examples in cells: 3 Na+ pumped & 2 K + into cells

54. 59. Explain and draw Endocytosis Brings substances into cell
ACTIVE
VESICLES CARRY MOLECULES INTO CELL
Fluid, molecules = Pinocytosis
large particles or whole cells = Phagocytosis
Macrophages engulf invaders

55. 60. Explain and draw Exocytosis
60. Explain and draw Exocytosis. Substances are released outside of cell
ACTIVE
VESICLES CARRY & RELEASE MOLECULES
Examples in cells:
GOLGI BODIES release packaged proteins

56. 61. Why does surface area to volume play such a big part in cell success?
Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume. 
A small cell has more efficient diffusion of nutrients into the cell and efficient diffusion of waste out
This is important because the nutrients, oxygen, and other materials a cell requires must enter through it surface. 
As a cell grows larger at some point its surface area becomes too Small to allow these materials to enter the cell quickly enough to meet the cell's need.

57. Cells are Small Reason 2:
THE CELL'S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN) CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE CYTOPLASM.