1. Unit 1 Introduction to Earth Science
Do Now:
Working in pairs, make and record as many observations as you can about this classroom

2. Quantitative vs Qualitative
Which observations do you think are quantitative?
Which observations do you think are qualitative?

3. Qualitative
Use your SENSES to observe your environment

4. Quantitative
Observations made with instruments such as rulers and thermometers.
These observations are MEASURABLE (numbers)

5. Observation
Perception of some aspect of the environment

6. Inference
The interpretation of an observation

7. Misconception
These usually result from incorrect inferences that become commonly believed
Can your group come up with 3 common misconceptions (can be from anything)

8. Measuring Earth

9. Aim: What are the different “spheres” of the Earth and how can we describe them?
Do Now: Watch the video, using your observations, make 2 inferences.

10. Size and Shape
Oblate Spheroid – NOT a perfect circle

11. Spheres of Earth
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

12. Atmosphere
Layer of gases that surrounds Earth above the surface of liquid water and rocky material
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Includes some aerosols (suspended liquids and solids)

13. Hydrosphere
Layer of liquid water that lies between the atmosphere and much of the upper layer of Earth’s interior.
About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans
Composition: H20

14. Lithosphere
Layer of rock that forms the solid outer shell at the top of Earth’s interior
Approximately 100 kilometers thick
Upper portion of lithosphere is known as the crust

15. Biosphere
Consists of all the living organisms on the planet

17. Spheres Picture Assignment
Your assignment for today is:
Draw a picture that includes all 4 spheres of Earth
Make sure your LABEL each part of your picture as either biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, or atmosphere

18. Locating Positions on Earth
Coordinate system
Uses latitude (North/South) and longitude (East/West)
Equator = 0 degrees (latitude)
Prime Meridian = 0 degrees (longitude)

19. Polaris (North Star)
Altitude of Polaris equals latitude in the northern hemisphere

20. Percent Deviation or Percent Error
Measurements are rarely perfect because of…
Imperfections in the tools we use
Carelessness and human error

22. Mass
How much matter something is made up of

23. Volume
How much space something takes up

24. Density
Concentration of matter in an object

25. Other ways to write the density formula

26. Phases of Matter and Density
Can you think of a substance where as it changes from liquid to solid, density increases?

27. Fields and Isolines
A field is a region of space with some measurable value at every point
Isolines connect points of equal field values
Rule: Isolines can NEVER touch or cross each other
Field
(The whole area)
Isoline

28. Fields and Isolines
A field is a region of space with some measurable value at every point
Isolines connect points of equal field values
Rule: Isolines can NEVER touch or cross each other
Field
(The whole area)
Isoline