1. Standard 5

3. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57
Pyramid of Energy
Heat
0.1% Consumers
Illustrates that the amount of available energy _______ at each succeeding trophic level.
Heat
1% Consumers
10%
Consumers
decreases
Heat
100% Producers
Heat
Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level.
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

7. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57
Pyramid of Numbers
Shows that population sizes ________ at each higher trophic level.
Fox (1)
Birds (25)
decreases
Grasshoppers
(250)
Grasses
(3000)
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

9. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57
Pyramid of Biomass
The total weight of living matter at each trophic level. It represents the total weight of living material available at each trophic level.
1 kilogram of human tissue
10 kilograms of beef
100 kilograms of grain
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

10. Which level of this food pyramid represents the largest biomass?
Bass
Algae
Minnows
Copepods

12. 7 Food Web Chihuahuan raven Honey mesquite (pods eaten by beetles)
Pronghorn antelope
Gambel quail
Jackrabbit
Desert tortoise
Coyote
(top carnivore)
Prickly pear cactus
Long-tail weasel
Roadrunner
Kangaroo rat (seed eater)
ants
Mojave rattlesnake
Red spotted toad
Texas horned lizard
Mexican whiptail lizard
Section 2 Check

16. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 578
The nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen in the atmosphere
Some excess nitrogen evaporates from soil.
Dead plant matter
Urine from animals
Decomposing organisms
Assimilated by plants
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules on roots of leguminous plants fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Decomposers—bacteria and fungi—break down tissues and wastes and nitrogen-containing compounds are released.
Released to the atmosphere
Nitrogen compounds released into soils and acted upon by soil bacteria
Converted to other nitrogen compounds by soil bacteria
Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria
Section 2.2 Summary – pages

19. Victor knows that matter cycles through ecosystems
Victor knows that matter cycles through ecosystems. He hypothesizes that the nitrogen in the air should also become part of a plant. To test this hypothesis, he writes an experimental design using a pea plant. These steps are found in his experimental design.
1. Add radioactively labeled nitrogen to the jar.
2. Place the potted pea plant in the bell jar with a valve and seal it.
3. Measure the amount of radioactive nitrogen in the plant tissues.
4. Leave the jar in the sunlight for three days.
In what order should he perform these steps?
A 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 4
B 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 – 3
C 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 3
D 3 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1

20. 9 Water Cycle Condensation Evaporation Transpiration Precipitation
Runoff
Evaporation
Oceans
Groundwater
Chapter Assessment

22. Photosynthesis: autotrophs convert light energy to stored energy in sugars

23. Cellular respiration

27. Section 9.1 Summary – pages 221-224
Forming and Breaking Down ATP
The energy of ATP becomes available to a cell when the ________________________.
bonds are broken down P P P
Adenosine
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) P P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P P
Adenosine
Section 9.1 Summary – pages