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Volcanoes
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2. Earth is like an apple. They are both round.
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If you cut an apple in half, you will see different layers. The center of the apple is the core.
core
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4. The center of Earth is also called the core.
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5. The outside layer of an apple is the skin. The skin is thin.
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6. The outside crust of Earth is thin like the skin of an apple.
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Between Earth’s core and the crust is the mantle. The mantle contains melted rock called magma.
mantle
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Sometimes, the magma inside Earth builds up pressure and begins to push up.
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The magma bursts through Earth’s thin crust. We call this bursting magma lava. Lava, ash, steam, and rocks all escape through openings in Earth’s crust.
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These openings are called volcanoes. A volcano can have one or more openings, or vents.
vents
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11. When lava escapes from a volcano, the volcano is erupting.
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12. A volcano gives some hints before it erupts.
Steam, gas, and little spurts of lava show that the volcano is active.
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Some volcanoes do not erupt for many years. These volcanoes are dormant.
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14. Some volcanoes will not erupt again. These volcanoes are extinct.
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Volcanoes can be dangerous. The gases that are released during an eruption can be poisonous. Eruptions may change the way the land looks. Eruptions may destroy trees, homes, and other structures.
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A volcano even changes itself when it erupts. It may get bigger as lava, cinder, and ash are added to its slopes. It may have a crater at the top. It may collapse and leave a bowl-shaped hole in the ground.
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17. Volcanoes can form new islands.
Hawaii
The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic, meaning they were made by volcanoes.
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18. When Mount St. Helens erupted, it changed the shape of the mountain
and the land around it.
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Geologists are scientists who study rocks and Earth. A scientist who studies volcanoes is called a volcanologist. Volcanologists help people predict volcano eruptions.
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Related Links
KWL: Volcanoes
Volcanoes: Reading Comprehension (primary/elem)
Volcanoes: Reading Comprehension (elementary)
Volcanoes Theme Unit materials and activities
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