1. Chapter 6 – Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Compact or Spongy
Bone Cells and Tissues
Bone Dynamics
Hormones
Bone Yard
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FINAL ROUND

2. Compact or Spongy: $100 Question
Which of these lists the six categories for classifying bone by shape?
a. Intramembranous; periosteal; diaphysis mesenchymal; endochondral; interstitial
b. Flat; irregular; short; long; sesamoid; sutural
c. Long; short; mesenchymal; intramembranous; endochondral; epiphyseal
d. Femur; sternum; wormian; pelvis; patella; vertebra
ANSWER
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3. Compact or Spongy: $100 Answer
Which of these lists the six categories for classifying bone by shape?
a. Intramembranous; periosteal; diaphysis mesenchymal; endochondral; interstitial
b. Flat; irregular; short; long; sesamoid; sutural
c. Long; short; mesenchymal; intramembranous; endochondral; epiphyseal
d. Femur; sternum; wormian; pelvis; patella; vertebra
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4. Compact or Spongy: $200 Question
A sample of bone has lamellae, which are not arranged in osteons. Its this sample from the epiphysis or diaphysis?
a. It is from the diaphysis
b. It is from the medullary cavity of a long bone
c. It could be from either epiphysis or diaphysis
d. It is from the epiphysis
ANSWER
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5. Compact or Spongy: $200 Answer
A sample of bone has lamellae, which are not arranged in osteons. Its this sample from the epiphysis or diaphysis?
a. It is from the diaphysis
b. It is from the medullary cavity of a long bone
c. It could be from either epiphysis or diaphysis
d. It is from the epiphysis
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6. Compact or Spongy: $300 Question
How could X-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height?
a. The epiphyseal plates can be identified.
b. The epiphyseal lines can be measured.
c. The width of the shaft can be correlated to height
d. The extent of osteoporosis can be seen.
ANSWER
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7. Compact or Spongy: $300 Answer
How could X-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height?
a. The epiphyseal plates can be identified.
b. The epiphyseal lines can be measured.
c. The width of the shaft can be correlated to height
d. The extent of osteoporosis can be seen.
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8. Compact or Spongy: $400 Question
A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why?
a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty
b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood
c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty
d. All of the above
ANSWER
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9. Compact or Spongy: $400 Answer
A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why?
a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty
b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood
c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty
d. All of the above
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10. Compact or Spongy: $500 Question
Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age?
a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften
b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass
c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass
d. Growth hormone is no longer available
ANSWER
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11. Compact or Spongy: $500 Answer
Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age?
a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften
b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass
c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass
d. Growth hormone is no longer available
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12. Bone Cells and Tissues: $100 Question
During intramembranous ossification, which type(s) of tissue is/are replaced by bone?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Fibrous connective tissue
c. Mesenchymal connective tissue
d. B and C are correct
ANSWER
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13. Bone Cells and Tissues: $100 Answer
During intramembranous ossification, which type(s) of tissue is/are replaced by bone?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Fibrous connective tissue
c. Mesenchymal connective tissue
d. B and C are correct
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14. Bone Cells and Tissues: $200 Question
In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?
a. De novo synthesis
b. Cells brought via the nutrient artery
c. Cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium
d. Chondrocytes from the original model
ANSWER
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15. Bone Cells and Tissues: $200 Answer
In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts?
a. De novo synthesis
b. Cells brought via the nutrient artery
c. Cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium
d. Chondrocytes from the original model
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16. Bone Cells and Tissues: $300 Question
How is bone remodeling accomplished?
a. Osteoblasts form new bone matrix
b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts
c. Osteoclasts are not active, thus producing stronger bone
d. A and B are correct
ANSWER
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17. Bone Cells and Tissues: $300 Answer
How is bone remodeling accomplished?
a. Osteoblasts form new bone matrix
b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts
c. Osteoclasts are not active, thus producing stronger bone
d. A and B are correct
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18. Bone Cells and Tissues: $400 Question
Which of the following is/are correct concerning the periosteum?
a. It has a fibrous outer layer and cellular inner layer
b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone
c. It actively participates in bone growth and repair
d. All of the above are correct
ANSWER
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19. Bone Cells and Tissues: $400 Answer
Which of the following is/are correct concerning the periosteum?
a. It has a fibrous outer layer and cellular inner layer
b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone
c. It actively participates in bone growth and repair
d. All of the above are correct
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20. Bone Cells and Tissues: $500 Question
Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells?
a. Divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
b. Assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate
c. Multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes
d. Maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix
ANSWER
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21. Bone Cells and Tissues: $500 Answer
Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells?
a. Divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
b. Assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate
c. Multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes
d. Maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix
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22. Bone Dynamics: $100 Question
Which of these bony markings would become more pronounced with weight-bearing exercise?
a. Tuberosities
b. Condyles
c. Processes
d. Heads
ANSWER
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23. Bone Dynamics: $100 Answer
Which of these bony markings would become more pronounced with weight-bearing exercise?
a. Tuberosities
b. Condyles
c. Processes
d. Heads
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24. Bone Dynamics: $200 Question
If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?
a. Stable mass, but reposition matrix
b. Mass will not be affected
c. More mass
d. Less mass
ANSWER
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25. Bone Dynamics: $200 Answer
If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected?
a. Stable mass, but reposition matrix
b. Mass will not be affected
c. More mass
d. Less mass
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26. Bone Dynamics: $300 Question
Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?
a. Joggers are naturally thin.
b. Larger muscles apply more mechanical stress to the bones.
c. Aerobic exercise reduces bone mass.
d. Anaerobic exercise reduces bone mass.
ANSWER
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27. Bone Dynamics: $300 Answer
Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?
a. Joggers are naturally thin.
b. Larger muscles apply more mechanical stress to the bones.
c. Aerobic exercise reduces bone mass.
d. Anaerobic exercise reduces bone mass.
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28. Bone Dynamics: $400 Question
Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men?
a. Testosterone levels decline in post-menopausal women.
b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men.
c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition.
d. In males, androgens increase with age.
ANSWER
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29. Bone Dynamics: $400 Answer
Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men?
a. Testosterone levels decline in post-menopausal women.
b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men.
c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition.
d. In males, androgens increase with age.
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30. Bone Dynamics: $500 Question
Why were some people sickened by radioactivity years after the Chernobyl accident?
a. Osteoclasts do not differentiate between heavy metals and calcium.
b. Turnover of bone matrix caused release of stored radiation into circulation.
c. Osteoblasts are a type of memory cells and recall the poisons that enter them.
d. Heavy metal ions are stored in the bloodstream.
ANSWER
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31. Bone Dynamics: $500 Answer
Why were some people sickened by radioactivity years after the Chernobyl accident?
a. Osteoclasts do not differentiate between heavy metals and calcium.
b. Turnover of bone matrix caused release of stored radiation into circulation.
c. Osteoblasts are a type of memory cells and recall the poisons that enter them.
d. Heavy metal ions are stored in the bloodstream.
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32. a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter.
Hormones: $100 Question
A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth?
a. The individual will be taller.
b. The individual will be shorter.
c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow.
d. Excessive growth will be limited to the skeleton.
ANSWER
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33. a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter.
Hormones: $100 Answer
A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth?
a. The individual will be taller.
b. The individual will be shorter.
c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow.
d. Excessive growth will be limited to the skeleton.
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34. a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium
Hormones: $200 Question
What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels?
a. Higher level of calcium
b. Lower level of calcium
c. Uncontrolled level of calcium
d. No effect on blood calcium, PTH affects calcium in the bones.
ANSWER
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35. a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium
Hormones: $200 Answer
What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels?
a. Higher level of calcium
b. Lower level of calcium
c. Uncontrolled level of calcium
d. No effect on blood calcium, PTH affects calcium in the bones.
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36. a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine
Hormones: $300 Question
A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?
a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitrol and thyroxine
c. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
d. Growth hormone and sex hormones
ANSWER
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37. a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine
Hormones: $300 Answer
A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis?
a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitrol and thyroxine
c. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
d. Growth hormone and sex hormones
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38. How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?
Hormones: $400 Question
How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?
a. By inhibiting osteoclast activity
b. By increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys
c. By increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells
d. A and B are correct
ANSWER
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39. How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?
Hormones: $400 Answer
How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?
a. By inhibiting osteoclast activity
b. By increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys
c. By increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells
d. A and B are correct
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40. Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?
Hormones: $500 Question
Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?
a. Calcitonin / stimulates osteoclast activity
b. PTH / reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids
c. Calcitrol / inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract
d. Thyroxine / stimulates osteoblast activity
ANSWER
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41. Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?
Hormones: $500 Answer
Which hormone is correctly paired with its function?
a. Calcitonin / stimulates osteoclast activity
b. PTH / reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids
c. Calcitrol / inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract
d. Thyroxine / stimulates osteoblast activity
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42. Bone Yard: $100 Question
Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture?
a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site.
b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker.
c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker.
d. None of these is correct.
ANSWER
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43. Bone Yard: $100 Answer
Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture?
a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site.
b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker.
c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker.
d. None of these is correct.
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44. Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?
Bone Yard: $200 Question
Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?
a. Fissure; depression
b. Facet; opening
c. Tuberosity; process formed where tendons and ligaments attach
d. Spine; process formed for articulation with adjacent bones
ANSWER
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45. Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?
Bone Yard: $200 Answer
Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description?
a. Fissure; depression
b. Facet; opening
c. Tuberosity; process formed where tendons and ligaments attach
d. Spine; process formed for articulation with adjacent bones
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46. Bone Yard: $300 Question
How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?
a. Strength increases, flexibility increases
b. Strength increases, flexibility decreases
c. Strength decreases, flexibility decreases
d. Strength decreases, flexibility increases
ANSWER
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47. Bone Yard: $300 Answer
How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?
a. Strength increases, flexibility increases
b. Strength increases, flexibility decreases
c. Strength decreases, flexibility decreases
d. Strength decreases, flexibility increases
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48. Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?
Bone Yard: $400 Question
Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?
a. Joints become fused, preventing movement
b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight
c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight
d. Motor skills are impaired
ANSWER
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49. Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?
Bone Yard: $400 Answer
Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking?
a. Joints become fused, preventing movement
b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight
c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight
d. Motor skills are impaired
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50. Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?
Bone Yard: $500 Question
Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?
a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure
b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure
c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty
d. Men have more growth hormone
ANSWER
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51. Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?
Bone Yard: $500 Answer
Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity?
a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure
b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure
c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty
d. Men have more growth hormone
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52. What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?
FINAL ROUND Question
What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?
a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions / compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment
b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment / compact bone resists stress from many directions
c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone
d. None of these is correct
ANSWER
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53. What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?
FINAL ROUND Answer
What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone?
a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions / compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment
b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment / compact bone resists stress from many directions
c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone
d. None of these is correct
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