1. Chapter 10: America Claims an Empire

2. Objective
To understand how individuals and events moved the United States into the role of a world power and to recognize the effects of economic policies on U.S. diplomacy

3. Journal
When should the U.S. intervene in the affairs of another country?

4. Imperialism
The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

5. Global Competition

6. Global Competition

7. Three Factors Fueled American Imperialism
1. Desire for military strength
2. Thirst for new markets
3. Belief in cultural superiority

8. Desire for Military Strength
Admiral Alfred T. Mahan of U.S. Navy urges govt. to build up American naval power
Modern battleships
Maine and Oregon
U.S. becomes third largest naval power

9. Thirst for New Markets
Better technology -> farms + factories overproduced -> new markets needed for agricultural and manufactured goods
U.S. needed raw materials for factories

10. Belief in Cultural Superiority
Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest
Racial superiority of Anglo-Saxons
Moral responsibility to spread Christianity

11. Acquiring Alaska
Seward – Sec. of State – persuades Congress to buy Alaska (1867)
2 cents an acre - $7.2 millon – oil, timber, minerals,

12. The U.S. Takes Hawaii Important port on the way to Asia
U.S. imports Hawaii sugar tax-free (1875)
McKinley-Tariff of 1890 palaces tax on Hawaiian sugar
American planters ask U.S. to annex Hawaii
Naval base at Pearl Harbor (1887)

13. The U.S. Takes Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani (1891) wants to remove property qualifications for voting
American business groups organize a revolution
New govt. led by Sanford B. Dole
1898 Hawaii is named American territory
Statehood = 1959

14. Assignment
What were the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism?
How did the U.S. acquire Alaska?
How did the U.S. acquire Hawaii?

15. http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american- war/videos#mckinley-faces-war-assassination

16. Groups
1. american-war#sect-preparation

17. Section 2
THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR

18. Cubans Rebel Against Spain

19. Cubans Rebel Against Spain
Jose Marti starts a revolution (1895) against the Spanish
American sugar plantations are destroyed
American opinions are split

20. War Fever Escalates
Spanish General Valeriano Weyler sends 300,000 Cubans into concentration camps (1896)
1,000s die of hunger and disease

22. Yellow Journalism Sensational style of writing/exaggerated news
Hearst’s New York Journal vs. Pulitzer’s New York World
“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war” – Hearst

23. War Fever Escalates Pres. McKinley wants to avoid war with Spain
de Lome (Spanish minister) writes letter and calls McKinley “weak”

24. War with Spain Erupts “Remember the Maine!”
260 Americans die when U.S.S. Maine explodes
U.S. declares war on Spain

25. War with Spain George Dewey (Navy Admiral) takes over Philippines
Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo aid the Americans
Naval blockade of Cuba
125,000 volunteers with inadequate supplies fought
Rough Riders, cavalry unit led by T. Roosevelt, and two African American regiments take San Juan Hill
Spain loses Cuba and then Puerto Rico

26. War with Spain Erupts Treaty of Paris ends the war in 1898
U.S. buys Philippines (then annexes it) and Spain hands over Guam and P. Rico

27. Assignment
Page 351
Questions 2,3, and 4

28. Panama Canal
ama/player/

29. 12/9 – Journal 1. What is imperialism?
2. Why did the U.S. get involved?
3. What were the three factors that pushed the Americans into becoming an imperial power?
4. What lands did we take over first?
5. What happened with Hawaii?
6. What triggered the Spanish-American War?
7. What lands do we acquire?

30. Section 3: Acquiring New Lands

31. Ruling Puerto Rico Controlled by U.S. military
Strategic importance = close to Panama
1900 Foraker Act = ends military rule, U.S. Pres. appoints governor of P. Rico
1917 American citizenship for P. Ricans
Now -> P. Rico is a commonwealth
move freely, cannot vote in. presidential elections
Military draft

32. Cuba Officially independent Occupied by American military troops
1901- Platt Amendment
Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory
The U.S. reserved the right to intervene in Cuba
Cuba was not to go into debt
The U.S. could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations
Dominate politics but better schools, medical research eliminates yellow fever
Military won’t leave until its added

33. Cuba
Becomes a U.S. protectorate – a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
American businesses = sugar, tobacco, mining, railroads

34. Philippine-American War
U.S. annexes the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo feels betrayed and organizes revolt
200,000 Filipino civilians die
20,000 Filipino rebels
4,000 Americans die (many African Americans)
Cost $400 million
U.S. sets up govt. and selects a governor
Philippines become independent in 1946

35. China European nations had spheres of influence
U.S. Secretary of State, John Hay, issues Open Door notes (1899)
Letters addressed to leaders of imperialistic nations supporting open trade

36. China Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Secret societies kill thousands of missionaries and foreigners
International forces put down rebellion
A new Open Door note -> 1. U.S. economy depended on exports, 2. U.S. had right to intervene abroad to keep markets open

37. The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains
Anti-Imperialist League – U.S. should not rule other people without their consent
1900 – William McKinley, an imperialist, is reelected

38. Discussion Questions 1. Why was Puerto Rico important to the U.S.?
2. Why did the Filipinos rebel?
3. Why did Secretary of State John Hay issue the policy statements known as the Open Door notes?

39. Section 4:America as a World Power

40. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
1904 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia declares war on Japan
Japan is defeating the Russians but runs out of money
T. Roosevelt arranges a deal
Japan takes over Russian land in Korea and Manchuria but takes back the cash payment

41. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Panama Canal = greatly reduce travel time for commercial and military ships
U.S. buys French company route for $40 million
Philippe Bunau-Varilla, French agent, helps organize Panamanian rebellion against Colombia
U.S. pays Panama $10 million and annual rent of $250,000

44. Constructing the Canal
Malaria, yellow fever, soft volcanic soil
$380 million
5,600 workers died from accidents or disease
Damaged U.S. relations with Latin America even with $25 million payment to Colombia

45. Roosevelt Corollary
Latin American nations took out loans from European banks
1904 Roosevelt adds the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine = U.S. would use force to protect its economic interests in L. America

46. Dollar Diplomacy
Pres. Taft supported American business owners/bankers loaning money to L. American countries to pay off debts to Europeans

47. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
U.S. has moral responsibility to deny recognition to any L. American govt. it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, anti-U.S. (1913)
Mexican Revolution
Porfirio Diaz, military dictator, encouraged foreign investments
Americans owned Mexican oil wells, mines, railroads
1911 – Francisco Madero organizes a group of peasants/workers to overthrow Diaz
General Huerta orders execution of Madero and takes control of govt.
Wilson will not recognize the new Mexican govt
Wilson sends troops to occupy Veracruz (Mexican port) after American sailors are arrested near by
Venustiano Carranza becomes Pres. Of Mexico in 1915 and U.S. removes troops

48. Rebellion in Mexico
Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata opposed Carranza’s govt.
Zapata = land reform
Villa = against foreign powers in Mexico
Followers killed 17 Americans in New Mexico
Pres. Wilson orders General John J. Pershing to capture Villa
150,000 National Guardsmen stationed at Mexican border
U.S. and Mexican troops clash
With a war in Europe to fight Americans back off

49. Questions Section 4
1. Using American Power (list ways they used American power around the world during their presidency)
2. What do you think were the similarities and differences between Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy and Wilson’s missionary diplomacy?
the goal of each of these foreign policies
How the policies defined the role of U.S. intervention in international affairs
How the policies were applied