1. Organization Mission Philosophy & impact Future directions
CHESS Overview
Sol M. Gruner Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source & Physics Department Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
CHESS
Organization
Mission
Philosophy & impact
Future directions
Synchrotron Tunnel
ERL Facility

2. Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based ScienceS & Education
CLASSE
Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based ScienceS & Education
CU VP Research
(R. Buhrman)
DIRECTORATE
Directors of Technical Areas
(Chair, M. Tigner)
Admin.
(BJ Bortz)
CHESS Policy Bd.
LEPP Advisory Bd.
Outreach
(L. Hine)
Admin & Advisory Functions
ILC R&D
(D. Rubin, PI
M. Palmer)
Particle Phys.
(J. Alexander)
Technical Director, e.g. CESR
(D.Rice)
CHESS
Center
(S. Gruner)
ERL
(S. Gruner, PI)
Technical Functions

3. Organization of the CHESS Center
S. Gruner, Dir.
Bilderback, Brock, Fontes, Szebenyi, Cerione, (Rubin, Rice: Accelerator Operations)
MacCHESS
R. Cerione, PI.
M. Szebenyi, Dir.
CHESS Nat. Facility
S. Gruner, Dir.
D. Bilderback, Assoc. Dir.
E. Fontes, Assis. Dir.
G-line Group
J. Brock, Dir.

4. CHESS Missions User Science Education of future scientists
12 stations. CHESS is unusually good at enabling new expts.
~ 700 user visits per year
> 2 publications per x-ray day
User community service: Meetings, workshops, etc.
Education of future scientists
Students integral to facility, both as users and as
x-ray/accelerator scientists in training
CLASSE progeny populate many other facilities
Cornell is one of few places to train behind shielding wall
> 600 Ph.D’s (CHESS alone; many more if accelerator PhDs included)
K-12 / RET / REU outreach
Novel technology & technique development.
Facilitated by being a University Lab.
ERL
See proposal section J.2.2 for CHESS progeny

5. CHESS Philosophy (The Four Commandments)
Link focus areas to faculty & staff interests.
Education is built in by virtue of faculty involvement
Emphasize unique strengths (e.g., Cornell activities).
X-ray detectors
Accelerator physics
Cornell Research Centers (CCMR, CNF, NBTC) …
Stay at the cutting edge.
Listen to the users. Keep them happy.
Users are happy when they publish world-class research.
See proposal section I for user collaborator letters!

6. CHESS Synergistically Complements DOE Sources
“CHESS has made crucial contributions to the international standing of US synchrotron based scientific research and has developed a culture that complements that of DOE managed facilities.”
“CHESS fills a critical need that is not met by light source facilities operated by the DOE. It has a flexibility and nimble management structure that fosters high risk – high pay-off initiatives. Its university-based organization brings access to a wide range of resources not present at National Laboratories. It provides opportunities to explore new ideas the development of which needs a significant investment in beam time….”
“CHESS has a critical educational role as well…. The continuing operation of CHESS will be critical for the training and education of scientific and technical leaders for future sources….”
From: Site-visit review of the 2007 CHESS renewal, notebook Tab S.

7. What makes CHESS different?
CHESS is an integrated facility consisting of :
A powerful x-ray source
Specific beamline capabilities
Specialized and general purpose stations
Dedicated, experienced staff
Cornell University setting
Emphasis on experiments vs. measurements and throughput
Training ground for new SR beamline scientists
Setting that promotes cross-disciplinary advances
Combination promotes SR science in unique & important ways.

8. Cornell’s Impact on Synchrotron Science Has Been Huge
World’s first SR beam line, 1952
1945
LNS (LEPP) started by Bethe returning from Los Alamos
1952
World’s first SR beamline on 300 MeV synchrotron
1965
Tigner proposes ERL idea
1975
Cornell SC synchrotron tests
1979
Cornell Electron Storage ring (CESR) & CHESS start
1982
First storage ring SC tests
Demonstration of curved crystal sagittal focusing
1984
CEBAF cavities developed & tested at CESR
1985
First mammalian virus structure
Image plate developments
1986
Cryogenic monochromator crystal cooling
1987
First hard x-ray circular polarization phase plate
1988
Discovery of resonant x-ray magnetic scattering
First dedicated HP Diamond Anvil Station
Long-period standing waves demonstrated
1989
APS undulator A tested at CESR
Development of cryoloop protein crystal freezing
1991
First CCD detectors for protein crystallography
1992
First Complete Stokes Polarimetry for X-rays
1993
First microsecond time resolved XAFS
1995
First TESLA cavity
1998
K+ Channel structure
1999
First fully SC powered x-ray storage ring
2000
ERL study
2001
First microsecond x-ray Pixel Array Detectors
Envelope phasing of macromolecules
2003
Microfabricated crystal cryomounts
2004
41 attosecond imaging of disturbances in water
Pulsed laser deposition system & layer-by-layer growth studies
Confocal microscope developed and applied to art works
2005
Narrow bandwidth artificial multilayers
High pressure protein crystal cryocooling
2008
ERL injector development
Tomboulian & Hartman
CHESS today
ERL

9. Cornell’s world-wide impact on biosciences resulted from cross-fertilization of physics & biological crystallography.
1945
LNS (LEPP) started by Bethe returning from Los Alamos
1952
World’s first SR beamline on 300 MeV synchrotron
1965
Tigner proposes ERL idea
1975
Cornell SC synchrotron tests
1979
Cornell Electron Storage ring (CESR) & CHESS start
1982
First storage ring SC tests
Demonstration of curved crystal sagittal focusing
1984
CEBAF cavities developed & tested at CESR
1985
First mammalian virus structure
Image plate developments
1986
Cryogenic monochromator crystal cooling
1987
First hard x-ray circular polarization phase plate
1988
Discovery of resonant x-ray magnetic scattering
First dedicated HP Diamond Anvil Station
Long-period standing waves demonstrated
1989
APS undulator A tested at CESR
Development of cryoloop protein crystal freezing
1991
First CCD detectors for protein crystallography
1992
First Complete Stokes Polarimetry for X-rays
1993
First microsecond time resolved XAFS
1995
First TESLA cavity
1998
K+ Channel structure
1999
First fully SC powered x-ray storage ring
2000
ERL study
2001
First microsecond x-ray Pixel Array Detectors
Envelope phasing of macromolecules
2003
Microfabricated crystal cryomounts
2004
41 attosecond imaging of disturbances in water
Pulsed laser deposition system & layer-by-layer growth studies
Confocal microscope developed and applied to art works
2005
Narrow bandwidth artificial multilayers
High pressure protein crystal cryocooling
2008
ERL injector development
CRYOLOOP FREEZING SR
CCD

10. Consequence: High Impact & Productivity

11. Cornell’s world-wide impact on SRF
1945
LNS (LEPP) started by Bethe returning from Los Alamos
1952
World’s first SR beamline on 300 MeV synchrotron
1965
Tigner proposes ERL idea
1975
Cornell SC synchrotron tests
1979
Cornell Electron Storage ring (CESR) & CHESS start
1982
First storage ring SC tests
Demonstration of curved crystal sagittal focusing
1984
CEBAF cavities developed & tested at CESR
1985
First mammalian virus structure
Image plate developments
1986
Cryogenic monochromator crystal cooling
1987
First hard x-ray circular polarization phase plate
1988
Discovery of resonant x-ray magnetic scattering
First dedicated HP Diamond Anvil Station
Long-period standing waves demonstrated
1989
APS undulator A tested at CESR
Development of cryoloop protein crystal freezing
1991
First CCD detectors for protein crystallography
1992
First Complete Stokes Polarimetry for X-rays
1993
First microsecond time resolved XAFS
1995
First TESLA cavity
1998
K+ Channel structure
1999
First fully SC powered x-ray storage ring
2000
ERL study
2001
First microsecond x-ray Pixel Array Detectors
Envelope phasing of macromolecules
2003
Microfabricated crystal cryomounts
2004
41 attosecond imaging of disturbances in water
Pulsed laser deposition system & layer-by-layer growth studies
Confocal microscope developed and applied to art works
2005
Narrow bandwidth artificial multilayers
High pressure protein crystal cryocooling
2008
ERL injector development

12. Theme: Recognize Opportunities to Make an Impact
First High Pressure Diamond Anvil Facility
High heat load engineering/ cryogenic Si monos
APS-A undulator testing
Multilayer developments
X-ray capillaries
Pixel Array Detectors for time-resolved studies
Superconducting cavity developments
ERL developments …

13. Question: In a world full of synchrotrons why do people from all over the planet trek to Ithaca?
Fact: It isn’t because of the weather.
Answer: Letters from the community provide eloquent answers. (See Section I.1)

14. Where are we now, what do we need, and where are we going?
CESR used for both CHESS & EPP since EPP paid for CESR.
EEP data collection at CESR is over, NSF-PHY support for CESR ending.
Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is long-term SR future at Cornell.
The CHESS/CESR + ERL-R&D activities collectively supply the minimum skill set needed for these activities. Neither is viable without the other.
The future of synchrotron science at Cornell will rise or fall with your assessment of this proposal.

15. END

16. Awards to CHESS Users & Staff
2003 – 2008

17. Awards to CHESS Users & Staff
2003 – 2008
“There are two main reasons why I have carried out most of my work at CHESS. The first is, CHESS is where I was given the chance when I initially set out to define the structure of K+ channels. The reason I was given the opportunity (as a complete unknown in protein crystallography) is simple, CHESS is small enough so that its leadership knows what experiments are being proposed, and they exercise judgment to give risky projects a chance….I do not think this ever would have happened in larger, more impersonal operation. The second reason…is because it is a superb place to work….”
Letter from Prof. Rod MacKinnon, Rockefeller Univ., 2002