1. Summers & Chazan-Cohen-Chapter 2
The Challenging Child
Summers & Chazan-Cohen-Chapter 2

2. Emotion Dysregulation
___________________-to survive & thrive; all living things need an organized, coherent response to stressful events & experiences (it is that organized, coherent response that is emotion regulation)
____________________-the lack of an organized response to a stressful or upsetting event
One of the most destructive observable behaviors in the context of dysregulation is ____________
a very common part of a young child’s dysregulated response to _____________________
Developmental experts don’t expect toddlers & preschoolers to be fully in control of their reactions
important to know what is expected based on _____________________________
Emotion regulation is an important skill related to other functions
_____________________________

3. The Development of Emotion Regulation
Good predictors of a child’s emerging emotional capacities are reflected in ________________
studies show that when parents & their infants have a _____________________, and when parents model ____________________, infants are likely to show progress toward developing those same skills
_____________ and ___________ are the primary means for caregivers to model and provide emotion regulation to their infant
rocking, holding, stroking, & speaking softly
adult has calm physical presence
Parental depression, illness, personal stress, physical or emotional discomfort, exposure to trauma, & difficult feelings about the infant can affect the way the caregiver can tolerate & accept the distress of the infant
Infants are ____________________________________; caregivers must be able to help them

4. How Does Temperament Play a Role?
________________-biologically, constitutionally based individual differences in characteristic behavioral and response style
remains generally consistent across settings, experiences, and time
____________________________
easy, slow-to-warm, & difficult children
One of the most important concepts in temperament research is______________
Is there a good fit between the infant’s temperament & the caregiver?
the match between ________________________________________________ of the caregiver is called “goodness of fit”
Activity-
CSEFEL Module 1 Handout 1.12 Temperament Continuum
CSEFEL Module 1 Handout 1.14 Temperament Traits Booklet (Activity)
IT3 Infant & Toddler-quiz

5. Emerging Emotion Regulation in Toddlers
As children mature and learn new skills, they are better able to regulate their emotions through prosocial regulation strategies such as __________________, __________, and __________ strategies (Sethi et al., 2000)
Cooling strategies
when something frustrating occurs & cannot be solved alone, the child either needs to wait for someone to help solve the problem or needs to move to a different experience altogether
emotional & behavior regulation are required in the form of shifting attention away from the “hot” to “cool” the child
a complex task that requires a cognitive, attention, & physical shift by the child
being able to demonstrate that __________________ is a hallmark of emotion regulation

6. The Importance of Language & Culture
Toddlers emerging use of _________ is one of the clearest ways they can begin to ask for and receive help when they are distressed
Toddlers whose language skills are slow to emerge typically experience ________________ with emotion regulation development
The development of emotion capacities in some children may vary based on culture
related to physical contact, along with neutral and nonnegative emotional displays from the parent
some cultures use a lot of physical contact, others do not
some use more face-to-face interactions, affectionate touching, and indirect forms of assistance in completing tasks (toddlers)
acceptance of negativity is very likely to vary across various cultural groups

7. Emotion Dysregulation & Aggression
_______________-inward expressions of emotion; feelings are not easily observed by others
fears/worries
anxiety, depression, withdrawal
somatic or physical complaints
_______________-outward expressions of emotion
attention problems, hyperactivity
oppositional & defiant behavior
aggression
_____________-
most difficult of all externalizing, undercontrolled behaviors
throwing or breaking frustrating objects
hitting/pushing/biting
at ____________ for being disliked by peers, may become delinquent, have interpersonal & academic difficulties
does _____ come out of a desire or intent to harm
is an issue with _________________ and _________________ more than anything else during toddler years

8. Program Strategies
Challenges presented by a child who is dysregulated can be _______________ to staff
Screening tools=Ages & Stages Social Emotional Questionnaire, ASQ-SE (we will look at this later in the semester)
observe the child
______________ strategies
strengthen the _____________ with adult caregivers
provide _______________________
_______________________
give a consistent and appropriate behavioral structure
___________________________
______________________ can come to classroom
suggest tools, strategies, techniques for educators
parenting interventions
Staff training, ongoing support, supervision, assistance, additional staff in classroom