1. Some ground-based technology developments that will propel solar physics
Phil Goode for Jeff Kuhn
Big Bear Solar Observatory
New Jersey Institute of Technology
NJIT team has built the world’s largest aperture and most capable solar telescope. The picture is at night and shows our domes with both domes on a 1000 foot long causeway out into the middle of the lake. Winds come from the west with 2 miles of open water to the west.

2. Light to Instruments – Aperture Matters
ATST 4 m off-axis PM
Null Corrector
CGH(?)
Pentaprism scan AO
Note rolloff away from isoplanatic patch
Even for NST DM faceplate matter because of heat
Hinode (0.5m) & NST (1.6 m)

3. Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics
Full FOV AO correction for flare and CME studies.
Residual Motion with 3-4 guide regions
Measure Cn2
GPUs vs. DSPs
Residual Image Motion

4. Light to Instruments: Hyperspectral Imaging
Need 2D spectroscopy to get simultaneous measurements of FOV at a wide range of wavelengths – 2nd generation fiber bundling. Bundles feed light from focal plane to spectrograph
Develop large format fiber bundle arrays that operate from visible to 5 mm wavelengths is important for solar spectropolarimetry
This capability will allow magnetic field measurements with temporal, spatial and spectral resolution that match the next generation of optical telescopes

5. Rapid Polarization Multiplexors and Analyzers
Need to overcome seeing limitations for polarimetry in new ground-based telescopes. Typically one stacks several field measurements to improve S/N
Need kHz CMOS camera to stack, say I, Q, U and V, single pixel voltages while atmosphere is frozen since we have technology for camera multiplexing.
Need development of rapid polarization multiplexors and analyzers, with broad-band optical performance and rapid (faster than kHz) switching times.
Advancements in swift liquid crystal detectors (Meadowlark) seem to be moving in the right direction.

6. Large Diameter Fabry-Perot Interferometers
Need for high throughput optical and IR Fabry-Perot development for polarimetry in large aperture telescopes.
There is a growing need for large etendue tunable Fabry-Perots.  The most fruitful development here is for large diameter interferometers.
Need /200 flatness (gravity deformation) can make mm, FPIs, but need 300 mm for ATST
Progress?

7. Mid-IR Large Format Detector
Weak field measurements utilizing large Zeeman splitting
Development of 10 m region large format detector (HOW LARGE)

8. Development of Custom Gratings
Development of generalized gratings with the possibility of arbitrary ruling direction and groove density in optical/IR gratings will open new opportunities
High resolution spectral imaging that minimize and simplify both thermal IR and UV instrumentation for solar spectropolarimetry.  

9. 2) Development of optical and infrared DWDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) filters is also essential for effective hyperspectral imaging.

10. High speed parallel computation
For real-time image analysis and reconstruction
32 cluster in BB can do “only” 1k by 1k pixel image reconstruction per minute.

11. F i n !