1. Imperfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Forms and Clauses
Carla James
Imperfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive
Forms and Clauses
Given forms of subjunctive and subjunctive clauses, learners demonstrate knowledge by:
a) identifying the tense of subjunctive
b) Identifying the type of clause
c) Translating appropriately
Carla Geiger

2. Subjunctive: Imperfect Tense, Active
The endings, attached to the infinitive, but watch the translation
Subjunctive: Imperfect Tense, Active
portārem
I was carrying I 
docērem
I was teaching
portāres
you were carrying
you 
docēres
you were teaching
portāret
s/he was carrying he
she/it 
docēret
s/he was teaching
portāremus
we you were carrying
we 
docēremus
we were teaching
portāretis
 you
Pl. 
docēretis
portārent
they were carrying
they 
docērent
they were teaching

3. Imperfect Subjunctive, Active
Infinitive
+ endings
m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
Subjects
3rd
Conjugation  
Ego I
trāherem
I was dragging Tu
You
trāheres
you were dragging
Is/Ea/Id
He/She/it
trāheret
s/he was dragging
Nos We
trāheremus
we were dragging
Vos
You Pl.
trāheretis
Ei/ Eae/ Ea
They
trāherent
they were dragging
4th
Conjugation
audīrem
I was hearing
audīres
you were hearing
audīret
s/he was hearing
audīremus
we were hearing
audīretis
audīrent
they were hearing

4. Subj. Pluperfect Tense, Active
3rd part of verb:= perfect stem+ isse
+ endings
audiverat: perfect indicative=
portavissem
I had carried I 
docuissem
I had taught
portavisses
you had carried
you 
docuisses
you had taught
portavisset
s/he had carried he
she/it 
docuisset
s/he had taught
portavissemus
we had carried
we 
docuissemus
we had taught
portavissetis
you had carried
 you
Pl. 
docuissetis
you had taught
portavissent
they had carried
they 
docuissent
they had taught

5. Subj.Pluperfect Tense, Active
3rd part of verb:= perfect stem+ isse
audiverat: pluperfect indicative=
traxissem
I had pulled I 
audivissem
I had heard
traxisses
you had pulled
you 
audivisses
you had heard
traxisset
s/he hadpulled he
she/it 
audivisset
s/he had heard
traxissemus
we had pulled
we 
audivissemus
we had heard
traxissetis
you had pulled
 you
Pl. 
audivissetis
traxissent
they hadpulled
they 
audivissent
they had heard

6. CUM CLAUSES/Temporal
a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
cum in Britannia ambularem…When I was walking in Britain…
b.PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
cum Salvium vidissent.... When they had seen Salvius

7. nescivi ubi in Britannia esses...
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
nescivi ubi in Britannia esses...
I did not know where YOU were in Britain
b.PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
rogavit quo modo iuvenem cepisset.
He asked how HE had captured the young man

8. cucurrit NE sero adveniret
PURPOSE CLAUSES
A. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
venit ut in Britannia militaret.... he came in order to be a soldier in Britain
B. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE NEGATIVE
cucurrit NE sero adveniret
He ran in order NOT to be late

9. INDIRECT COMMANDS A. militibus imperavit ut ad castra venirent....
He ordered the soldiers to come to the military camp.
verbs of commands:
mando , impero, persuadeo + dative
moneo, oro, incito,rogo + accusative
B. negative: NE : eos rogavi ne venirent =
I asked them not to come.

10. RESULT CLAUSES
a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
tam peritus erat ut omnes eum laudarent He was so skillful that all were praising him
CLUES:
TAM, SIC, ADEO= SO, SO MUCH; TANTUS= so great TOT= so many
NEGATIVE: UT NON
tam crudelis erat ut cives eum non laudarent
He was so cruel THAT the citizens did not praise him.