1. Plants
Why the world is green

2. Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Plantae Protista Fungi Animalia Vascular
Nonvascular
Seedless
Angiosperm
Gymnosperms
Dicots
Monocots

3. Nonvascular Mosses and liverworts No vascular tissue Grow near water
Can't move water
Water moved by OSMOSIS
A form of DIFFUSION
Grow near water
Short
No real roots

4. Vascular plants Have vascular tissue Water transported in XYLEM
Can transport water
Water transported in XYLEM
Nutrients transported in PHLOEM
Vascular tissue also helps support the plant
Allows plants to grow taller

5. Gymnosperms Means naked seed Seeds are not enclosed in fruits
Often found in cones
Seeds in female cones fertilized by pollen from male cones
Often have needle like leaves
Often called evergreen plants
Pine trees, hemlock, fir, cypress, ginkgo, conifer
About 950 known species

6. Divisions of gymnosperm
Plantae
Vascular
Gymnosperms
Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta
Ginkophyta
Gnetophyta

7. Cycadophyta (Cycads) Stems resemble thick trunks
Some leaves resemble palms others resemble palms
Only found in tropics and subtropics
Examples: Cycas taiwaniana, sago Palm

8. Ginkgophyta Only one type of plant: Ginko biloba
Fan shaped leaves drop in fall (not evergreens, deciduous)
Fleshy cones, not woody
Plant returned from the dead

9. Gnetophyta 3 genera of plant, Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwitschia
Ephedra live in dry areas
Chinese ma huang, source of ephedrine
Gnetum are woody vines, shrubs, and small trees in tropical and desert climates
Welwitschia has only 1 species: the welwitschia from southwest Africa
One large storage root and two large permanent leaves

10. Coniferophyta Mostly evergreen and shrubs found worldwide
Largest variety of gymnosperm
Male and female cones on same plant

11. Life of a gymnosperm Gametophyte stage is in the cones
Sporophyte is dominant stage and is the plant itself
Pollen (sperm) found on male cones
Ovules (eggs) formed at the base of scales on larger female cones
Pollen carried to female cones and grow a pollen tube into the ovule where two sperm are released. One will succeed in pollination
After pollination, sporophyte zygote becomes and embryo and then seed within the cone.
Seeds are protected by the cone until released and new sporophytes can grow.

13. Angiosperms Means seed vessel Flower and fruit bearing plants
Flowers are reproductive organs
Fruit is the plant ovum and placenta for the baby seeds
75-80% of plants are angiosperms called magnoliophyta

14. Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Plantae Protista Fungi Animalia Vascular
Nonvascular
Seedless
Angiosperm
Gymnosperms
Dicots
Monocots

15. Classes

16. Cotyledons First leaves of the new plant
Used by embryo as food storage

17. Flowers Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant
Male part is the stamen
Made of tall, thin filament
On top is the bulb-shaped anther (produces the pollen)
The female part is the pistil
Large part at the bottom is the ovary: holds the eggs which will turn into seeds, ovary will become the fruit
The stalk is the style
The style holds up the stigma: covered in hair or sticky material to trap pollen

19. Types of flowers
Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils – complete flower
Missing something – incomplete flower
Stamen + pistil – perfect flower
Missing one – imperfect flower

20. Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Plantae Protista Fungi Animalia Vascular
Nonvascular
Seedless
Angiosperm
Gymnosperms
Dicots
Monocots

21. Seedless plants Kingdom Plantae Vascular Seedless Bryophyta
Pteridophyta

22. Bryophyta Nonvascular mosses Lack roots
Have rhizoids
Produces a capsule called the sporophyte which contains the spores

23. Ptridophyta
Ferns
Roots branch out from underground stems called rhizomes
Clumps of spores on the underside of the leaf called sorus