1. The Australian Great Barrier Reef
Nathalie NOMBLOT
Sustainable Development
June 6th, 2013

2. 14 times France
Population : 22,32 million(2011)
GDP : 1,379 billion USD (2011)

3. Thorny dragon

5. Whitehaven
in the
Whitsunday Islands

6. The Great Barrier Reef One of the seven natural wonders of the world
Spans over 2,000 km
400 types of coral,
240 species of birds and
1,500 species of fish
6 billion USD a year in tourism to the local economy
The UNESCO gave the reef World Heritage status in 1991 and asked AUS to halt further port construction and limiting ship numbers
AUS government has invested 200 million USD in its Reef Rescue program.
The scheme paid incentives to farmers, with matching farmer funding, to improve farm management practices
Plus 800,000 USD to fight the crown-of-thorns starfish

7. Bump head parrot fish Napoleon Brain Coral Barramundi
Green Bubble Coral

8. What is a coral reef ecosystem?
Made up of: hard and soft corals, sponges, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins and much more
Each component of a coral reef is
dependent upon and interconnected with countless other plants, animals and organisms
Abundance of once species can drastically alter both the diversity and abundances of others

9. Threats to the Great Barrier Reef
Rising sea temperatures
Hurricanes and other large storm events
Port and associated development
Isolated incidents involving boats, divers and fishermen on the reef.
Lobster and stone crab traps
Debris: that hit and harm the coral, especially plastic bags
inadequate waste water and storm water treatment
Storm water (rain water running off the land) often includes harmful pollutants such as oil and gasoline, pesticides and fertilizers

10. Crown-of-thorn starfish
Prey on the reef and have multiplied amid nutrient rich flood waters in the past few years
The crown-of-thorns starfish ejects a neurotoxin
They devour coral reefs by
climbing and excrete a
digestive enzyme which
Transforms the reef into
consumable, liquefied tissue

12. Mangroves Deforestation
Sediment runoff will bring with it many natural and toxic components that will harm the coral ecosystems
sedimentation buildup that occurs at the mouth of the rivers that lead into the oceans

13. Human Pollution
petroleum leaks
chemicals that get dumped into the oceans because of its toxicity to the environment.

14. Overfishing
overfishing of certain species near coral reefs can easily affect the reef's ecological balance and biodiversity.

15. Major Ports along the GBR coast with the largest of these exporting coal.
These include Gladstone, Abbot Point and Hay Point (probably the largest coal export port in the world)
Townsville (sugar, mineral products and general cargo)
Cairns (sugar, tourism and general cargo).

16. Sedimentation
The sediments that flow out from rivers and large amounts of erosion carry with it many of the pollutants and fertilizers from the farms inland from the reefs.

17. Tourism Boating, diving, snorkeling and fishing
Boats and stationary pontoons cause damage to the reef : anchors
Reef walking
Small area of the reef or over a larger area of the reef?
Ecological impacts result from construction, boats, water activities and wildlife interaction
Tourism requires accommodation, transportation, shopping and entertainment, water and food, and waste and sewage management.

20.
Australian government pledges to protect Great Barrier Reef By Jane Wardell
SYDNEY | Thu Jan 31, 2013