1. Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Biochemistry Free For All

2. Biological Energy
Oxidation

3. Reaction Catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase
Oxidized
Reduced
Reaction Catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase

4. Oxidation of NADH

7. Electrical and Chemical Potential

9. The Nernst Equation
Overall,
ΔG = -nFΔE

11. Electron
Transport
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane

18. Complex II

19. Electron Movement
Reaction

20. Ubiquinone
2e- + 2H+
Ubiquinol

21. Complex III

23. Cytochrome C Small, mobile peripheral protein
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Shuttles electrons between complexes III and IV
Very conserved across all living systems

24. Note
Note
Note

25. Short-circuits System
Alternative Oxidase Pathway of Plants,
Fungi, Protozoa

26. Requirements for Electron Transport
1. Electron carriers (NADH/FADH2)
2. Oxygen

27. Electron Transport Inhibitors
Complex I
Complex I
Complex III

28. Inhibit Inhibit Inhibit
Cyanide
Carbon Monoxide
Azide
Rotenone
Amytal
Antimycin A

29. Reactive Oxygen Species

30. Reactive Oxygen Species
1. Non-enzymatic reactions
2. Damaging to cells
(O2-) NO
Superoxide
+ Nitric Oxide
Peroxynitrite

31. Reactive Oxygen Species - Cellular Protection
1. Antioxidants
a. Glutathione
b. Vitamins A, C, E
c. Uric acid
2. Enzymes
a. Catalase
b. Superoxide Dismutase

32. Catalase

33. Glutathione
Reduced Form
Oxidized Form

34. Superoxide Neutralization

35. Superoxide Dismutase

36. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mitchell’s Chemiosmotic Process
1. Intact inner mitochondrial membrane
2. Movement of electrons “pumps” protons
3. Proton gradient drives formation of ATP

37. Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Electron
Transport

38. ATP Synthase (Complex V)

39. ATP Synthase (Complex V)

42. Oxidative Phosphorylation Requirements
1. Proton Gradient
2. ADP

43. Oligomycin - ATP Synthase Inhibitor

44. Respiratory Control 1. Tightly coupled vs. Uncoupled
2. Requires intact mitochondrial inner membrane
3. ETS and oxidative phosphorylation are interdependent
4. Stopping either will stop the other

45. Respiratory Control

46. The “Magic” Diet Drug That Kills
2,4 Dinitrophenol (2,4 DNP)