1. Chapter 11 Review

2. The “Revolution of 1800” Jefferson wins, Burr becomes VP
Peaceful transfer of power among parties
12th Amendment
Jefferson keeps virtually all of Hamilton’s policies in place (not excise tax)
“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

3. Emerging Judicial Branch
Judiciary Act of 1801
Created 16 new judgeships and other offices
“Midnight Judges”
Last minute appointments by Adams prior to leaving office
JOHN MARSHALL (KNOW HIM AT ALL COSTS)
Served 34 years
INCREASED THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

4. More Judicial Branch Marbury vs. Madison (1803) Samuel Chase:
Marbury sues Secretary of State Madison
Part of Judiciary Act ruled unconstitutional
***SIGNIFICANCE***
Judicial Branch is the sole interpreter of the constitution
Sets the precedent that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional
Samuel Chase:
Impeached by Republicans – due to personality
Found not guilty in the Senate
Significance: No real serious attempt has been made to reshape S.C. by impeachment

5. The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson tries to buy NO from the French for $10 million.
Livingston and Monroe are offered all of Louisiana for $15 million!
Jefferson thought this was necessary to the country, but felt it was unconstitutional
Role reversal of strict vs. loose interpretation
US doubled in size

6. Aaron Burr Burr plotted a secession of New England
Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel and kills him
His political career is over, tries to separate western part of US
Arrested and tried for treason.
Found not guilty
Flees to Europe and urges an alliance between France and England against US

7. A Precarious Neutrality
America is caught between Britain and France
Berlin Decree (1806): France would confiscate ships trading with Britain
Orders in Council (1806): Britain’s response to France, forced ships trading with France to stop in Britain first to be loaded with goods
IMPRESSMENT:
Forcible enlistment of American merchants and sailors into the British navy
Chesapeake Incident:
British warship fires on American ship, kills 3, injures 18. Angers Americans greatly

8. The Hated Embargo Embargo Act of 1807: The plan backfired horrifically
Forbade export of ALL goods from US, no matter the destination
Intent was to make France and Britain respect America’s rights
The plan backfired horrifically
Economy of US takes a huge hit
New England was hurt the most (Federalists are angry)
Act revoked in 1809

9. Non-Intercourse Act: Positives of embargos?
Reopened trade with all nations of the world, except Britain and France
US economy is still hurting, needs those two large countries to trade with
Positives of embargos?
Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution are born
Factories begin to pop up in New England
Jefferson, who believed agriculture should be the main industry, helped spark industry (supported by Federalist Party)

10. Macon’s Bill #2
Purpose: to entice Britain or France to repeal shipping restrictions
U.S. would maintain its embargo against the nation that didn't sign on
Leads to US embargo against Britain, helps fuel the War of 1812

11. Why war with Britain and Not France?
1. War Hawks pushed Madison toward war 2. Traditional Republican (Jeffersonian) partiality toward France 3. Visibility of British impressments and arming of Amerindians. 4. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair 5. Lure of conquering British Canada: timber, fishing, fur trade.

12. Chapter 12 Review

13. War of 1812 Military Highlights
Battle of Tippecanoe:
William Henry Harrison defeats Native Americans
Battle of New Orleans:
2 weeks AFTER Treaty of Ghent, Andrew Jackson defeats British
HUGE INCREASE IN NATIONALISM
Treaty of Ghent: (HENRY CLAY!!!!)
Ended war: armistice, no gains or losses

14. Hartford Convention
Purpose: Discuss their complaints and seek compensation for losses during the war.
Some delegates urged secession
Proposed amendment to Constitution: 2/3 of Congress must agree for embargo, new states to be admitted, or war to be declared
This was the deathblow for the Federalist Party
Most of America experienced a sense of NATIONALLSIM!!!

15. “The American System” B ank of US (2nd) I nternal Improvements
Tariff of 1816:
first tariff in American history instituted to protect industries, not raise revenue
Henry Clay’s (Speaker of the House) American System (Know all 3 parts!!!)
Strong Banking system (provide credit) Bank of the US
Protective tariff which would help industries
Network of roads and canals, esp. in Ohio, valley that would help link the country together
B ank of US (2nd)
I nternal Improvements
T arrifs (1816 – 1st Protective Tariff)

16. “Era of Good Feelings” James Monroe’s Presidency
Coined by Boston newspaper, death of the Federalist party
Some issues including; slavery, panic of 1819
Causes of Panic of 1819:
Immediate cause: Overspeculation on frontier lands by banks (especially BUS)

17. The Uneasy MO Compromise
ME = Free, MO = Slave
Balance between free and slave states at 12
36˚30’: everything above would prohibit slavery
Most of US above that line
Helps contribute to sectional differences
MO Compromise lasted for 34 years

18. John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism
***John Marshall increased the power of the federal government***
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
MD tried to tax a branch of the BUS; Marshall does not allow it
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
Supreme Court is allowed to review decisions of state courts.
Again, federal government more powerful than states

19. More court cases (KNOW THEM!!)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
NY grants monopoly to boat company on Hudson (involving trade between NY and NJ)
Marshall says NO! Congress has sole control over interstate trade
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
States cannot “impair” contracts
Supreme Court can invalidate state laws conflicting with Constitution

20. One more case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Issue over NH trying to change charter of college
Marshall says the charter was a contract and “the Constitution protected contracts against state encroachments”
Marshall helped fuel NATIONALISM!!!!

21. Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida
Treaty of 1818:
Set the northern limits of Louisiana purchase at 49th parallel
Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819
Spanish ceded Florida, US gives up claims to TX

22. Monroe and His Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
US warns all of Europe to
Not colonize Latin America
Not intervene in Latin America
In return, US would stay out of European affairs
Reinforces nationalism
Europe is angry, L.A. indifferent
Doctrine has more of an impact in later years