1. Geopolymer Concrete Ready Mixed: a Challenge
Fifth International Slag Valorisation Symposium
TU Leuven, 3-5 April 2017
Peter de Vries, FICT
ENCI BV – HeidelbergCementGroup
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

2. Why pilot projects in the Netherlands?
In the Netherlands, environmental sustainability is of high importance
Focus on `green` is major task on cementindustry
Geopolymer binders are low in CO2
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

3. The Cooperation Infrastructure project OV SAAL Leuven, 2017-04-03
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

4. HC 14/04 Field trial on geopolymers in the Netherlands
Objectives
examine the technical feasibility of producing elements made of wet system geopolymer binder
examine the technical feasibility of producing elements made of dry system geopolymer binder
examine the durability of elements made of geopolymer binder
examine the market potential of elements made of geopolymer binder
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

5. L - Elements to be produced
Reference mix
Dry binder geopolymer
Wet binder geopolymer
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

6. Requirements on concrete
strength class C35/45
15 MPa compressive 2d for unmoulding
no air entrained concrete
Dmax 32 mm
required workability time: 60 minutes (30 minutes of transport and 30 minutes of casting)
targeted workability: S3 ( mm), F4 ( mm)
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

7. Main Challenge: fresh concrete, open time is crucial
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

8. Distance Mebin RMX-plant - OV-SAAL
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

9. Direct comparison of consistency (open time)
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

10. Modifications of the batching plant
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

11. Extended loading time due to slow dosing of dry binder
19:00h - 19:50h
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

12. Protection on site : dry- binder 22-09-2014
Arrival on site: 20:22h
Break down:
20:33h
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

13. Ten minutes later: we had to stop and……
Ten minutes later: we had to stop and…… we succeeded in saving the truckmixer
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

14. Prevention on site: gravel and water and silo
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

15. De-molding of first element Dry-binder
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

16. Adjustments to prevent a second failure
Introduction of compressed air on silo`s dry binder
Extra check on raw materials and chemicals by verification in laboratory Rotterdam
Conclusion: there is no need to change the recipe
2 truckmixers
Concrete chute and funnel for placing were improved
More pokervibrators on site
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

17. Second trial Dry Binder 06–10-2014
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

18. Second trial Dry Binder 06–10-2014
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

19. Wet binder: Precautions taken are succesfull
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

20. Elements in position near Motorway A10, Amsterdam
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

21. Analysis on concrete properties: - mechanical - durability
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

22. Strength development L-elements
Initial testing
L-elementen
sterkteklasse
C35/45
Druksterkte voorvoorspannen
Na 5 uur
Na 24 uur --
Druksterkte voor ontkisten na 48 uur
15 MPa
Verwerkbaarheid
Vloeimaat F4 ( mm)
Open tijd
90 minuten
Result Field Trial
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

23. Vaseline is better than common release agent as SIKA AR 1
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

24. Carbonation on cores
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

25. Chloride migration using RCM- method
Rapid chloride migration (RCM)
Question:
Is RCM the right test method ??
or ………
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

26. Electrical resistivity (using TEM-method)
Fieldtrial 1
Fieldtrial 2a
Fieldtrial 2b
Fieldtrial 3
(Ω.m)
(reference)
(dry binder)
(wet binder)
age
28d
91d
184d -
182d
183d
172d
cube 1
209
442
459 10 29
179 14 58
171
cube 2
204
369
428 8 42
134 13 56
167
cube 3
212
407
444 53
194 15 55
145
cube 4
232
346
509 12 48
108 37
197
cube 5
226
373
449
113
156
cube 6
405
465
186 84
239
avg
216
390 11 47
162 67
st.dev 34 28 2 1 27
Conclusion:
Correlation between RCM and TEM
also valid for Geopolymer Concrete
HC 14/04 - SC meeting - Martina Dietermann
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

27. Freeze-thaw resistance , with and without de-icing salts
Test limit for the scaling on concrete products
under freeze-thaw with the de-icing salt is
1000 g/m2 after 56 cycles
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

28. Surface damage Dry binder after 18 month
HC 14/04 - SC meeting - Martina Dietermann
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

29. Conclusions Handling of geopolymer concrete in RMC succeeded:
geopolymer concrete was transported over 30 minutes and subsequently cast,
emergency measures were effective,
Health & Safety issues were mastered.
Main challenges for development on geopolymer concrete:
elimination of stickiness
robustness of fresh concrete
general durability needs to be intensively examined
freeze thaw resistance appears to be a major drawback
Lack of regulations makes broad application difficult.
Clear figures on LCA of activators are not available (yet)
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT

30. CLIFF HANGER: Hollow Core Slab VBI – March 8, 2016 Sensata Building Hengelo, the Netherlands
HC 14/04 - SC meeting - Martina Dietermann
Leuven,
Ing. Peter de Vries, FICT