1. CBR Training: International Approaches Professor Gwynnyth Llewellyn and Alexandra Lewis-Gargett 2nd CBR World Congress Kuala Lumpur September 2016

2. Background History of CBR
health rehabilitation focus in many countries
community development model in other countries
CBR programs, and hence the training of CBR workers, looks very different around the world
The release of the WHO CBR Guidelines (2010) offers a universal model and framework for CBR as a multifactorial community inclusive development approach

3. Themes in CBR training literature
Underlying concept of disability
Health medical model – rehabilitation skills
Social empowerment – community inclusive development approach and skills
Expected role of CBR personnel
Rehabilitation assistant vs Community development

4. Themes in CBR training literature
Breadth of skills required
Specific skills set rather than building workforce by staff type (MacLachlan et al 2010)1
Set of skills required for the health component of the CBR Matrix proposed by O’Dowd (2015)2
Rehabilitation skills and knowledge vs Problem solving for empowerment
Expectations of the training program
Style of learning: What do participants expect? Is this the same as the trainers? (Wirz 2000)3
MacLachlan, M., Mannan, H., & McAuliffe, E. (2011). Staff skills not staff types for community-based rehabilitation. The Lancet, 377(9782);
O’Dowd, J., MacLachlan, M., Khasnabis, C. & Geiser, P. (2015). Towards a core set of clinical skills for health-related community-based rehabilitation in low and middle income countries. Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development, 26(3); 5-43.
Wirz, S. (2000). Training of CBR personnel. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 11(1);

5. Purpose of Scoping Review
Identify CBR field and training resources easily accessible on the web
Analyse for alignment with the WHO CBR Matrix Guidelines and Matrix

6. Search Method Hand searched key websites:
INGOs specialising in disability and development – CBM / Handicap International
INGOs providing CBR training - AIFO / Enablement
Australian Disability and Development Consortium (ADDC)
International Disability and Development Consortium (IDDC)
AskSource
Google scholar search using following terms:
‘community-based rehabilitation’ and fieldworker and manual
‘community-based rehabilitation’ and resources
‘community-based rehabilitation’ and skills and manual

7. Search Results Community level resources on specific topics
Numerous and cover a wide range of topics across all components of the CBR Matrix
Very well indexed on AskSource
Training guides and manuals for CBR practitioners
Spanned several decades – pre and post release of the WHO CBR Guidelines (2010)
These were analysed to understand how CBR workers have been trained to date, the type of skills considered important and the conceptual framework within which they have been taught.
Two categories of resources

8. Screening Manuals screened against inclusion criteria
- Post WHO CBR Guidelines with attention to content of CBR Matrix
- Readily accessible via the internet and/ or in text form
- Utilised adult learning principles
- Applicable for learning in new and familiar contexts
- Resource rich to enable further learning
· Content applicable to CBR fieldworkers undergoing training (short course, certificate or diploma level) as well as experienced CBR fieldworkers
Two manuals included for further analysis
CBR Training Manual
Light for the World (2010)
world.org/downloads/educa tion
The Dream of Inclusion for All
Cornielje & Vedman, Enablement (2011)
ndex.php/80/The_Dream_o f_Inclusion_for_All.html

9. CBR Training Manual Light for the World (2010)

10. CBR Training Manual (2010), Light for the World
Published after release of the WHO CBR Guidelines (2010) to build on existing resources for health in CBR
Relevant for CBR practitioners (fieldworkers, supervisors, managers) who do not have prior knowledge or experience of WHO CBR Guidelines (2010)
Framed around the WHO CBR Guidelines (2010) and has 13 modules with detailed lesson plans.
Modules cover all components of the CBR Matrix except health as stated purpose is to build on existing CBR health resources
Also has modules that build community development knowledge and skills – eg. UN Convention
Each learning module states for whom it is most appropriate.

11. Findings – CBR Training Manual (2010), Light for the World
Prescriptive lesson outlines means training can be run with minimal preparation and planning.
Freely available on the Light for the World website
Useful for participants new to CBR or those who have not been introduced to the ‘new’ way of thinking about CBR
If used with experienced CBR practitioners need to consider how to build on their experience and field knowledge within the training sessions

12. The Dream of Inclusion for All
Huib Cornielje & Evert Veldman, Enablement (2011)

13. Findings – Dream of Inclusion for All (2011), Enablement
Designed to be used in CBR training programs to enable “participants to critically review their own practice, learn from others and start thinking more critically” (p 19)
Field workers and CBR Managers with field experience
27 real life case studies from around the world followed by group discussion points
Material aligned with the WHO CBR Guidelines (2010)
Requires a working knowledge of the guidelines and CBR Matrix to identify the components in each case study

14. Findings – Dream of Inclusion for All (2011), Enablement
case studies from different programs encourages problem solving and strategies to address real life challenges
invites participants’ to draw on their existing field knowledge and experience
does not include foundational knowledge of CBR or community development
can be downloaded chapter by chapter from the Enablement website free of charge
Will become available at
hard copies (including DVD) can be ordered from Enablement at a cost of €25 incl postage (Europe, North America, Australia) or €20 (all other countries)

15. Conclusions and Recommendations
CBR training materials need to be:
Aligned with WHOC CBR Guidelines and matrix
Readily accessible in different formats
Have separate sections/ modules for program managers and field workers
Case study approach well accepted
Case studies build depth and breadth of expertise
Case studies from participants’ experiences can be brought into the training

16. WHO Collaborating Centre in Health Workforce Development in Rehabilitation and Long Term Care
Phone: