1. Organic Chemistry Grade 12

2. What will you learn:
The functional groups, formula and structure of organic molecules, alkynes, halo alkanes, alcohol, aldehyde, atones, acid and asters
The rules for naming organic molecules.
Addition, elimination and substitution reactions burning fuels.

3. What is organic chemistry?
This is the chemistry of carbon compounds particular those derived from living matter.
This does not include the chemistry of co2 and HCN or compounds containing co 2 or HCN 02

4. How can carbon bonds There are millions of carbon compounds because:
Carbon forms our strong covalent bonds in all its compound.
Carbon can bond to itself in long chains and in rings, this is continuation.
Carbon atoms can bond with single/ or double triple bonds.
Carbon can bond to hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen.
 The study of organic chemistry is simplified by classifying organic compounds into groups with similar structure and properties, such as group called homologues.
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5. homologous series
An homologous series is a family of carbon compounds, all having same functional group and conforming to the same general formula.
new member of the series contains one more unit of:

6. Functional group
the functional group is the part of a molecule that determine its chemistry, the functional group is the centre of chemical activity in the molecule.
Example : the functionaStructural isomers l group of an alkynes a carbon to carbon triple bond –C=C-

7. Structural isomers
As the member of carbon atoms increases the possibilities for the structure of the molecule also increases. The molecule may be a branched chain structure of the functional group may be different places. Different molecular structure are known as isomers.
Structural isomers have the molecular formula but different structural formula

8. Types of formula used in organic chemistry
The structure of organic molecule is very important in determining the way in which it reacts.
We draw the structural formula to show all the bonds in a molecule.
We write a condensed structural formula to show all the bonds in a molecule.
We write a molecular formula to indicate the number of each type of atom present in the molecular.
We draw a schematic formula to show the carbon skeleton, carbon and hydrogen atom omitted but other atoms as well as the functional group are shown.