1. Unit 2: Social Learning Theory
Learning Approach
Unit 2: Social Learning Theory

2. Social Learning Theory
Observational Learning
Observers learn by watching and imitating (copy) another person (role model)
Both humans and animals learn through modeling

3. Bandura (1977) 4 criteria for social learning
Attention to the role model
Retention of the observed behaviour (remembering)
Reproduction of the target behaviour (it must be in our capabilities)
Motivation to imitate the behaviour (a reward)

4. Observational Learning
Behaviour is modelled by a role model
The observer identifies with the role model
The behaviour is observed and noticed
The behaviour is learned and imitated (repetition relies on reinforcement)

5. Role Models Effective role models
Typically the same sex as the observer
Admired
Respected
Status power

6. Vicarious reinforcement
We learn through other’s mistakes (watching others get punished deters us from doing the same)
Vicarious reinforcement
You work hard because a friend was rewarded for working hard
Vicarious punishment
You do not fight in malls as you have seen others being punished for this behaviour
Vicarious extinction
You stop doing something because you have seen that people are not rewarded for it

7. Evaluation of Learning Theory
Lots of evidence from research that supports theory
It is a good explanation of behaviour and can be applied as a therapy for OCD and phobias
It is difficult to measure observational learning as it is not always shown immediately
Some of the research has been done on animals- lacks generalization
Strengths
Weaknesses

8. Learning the Research
Using the information in the handout (p in Unit 2 booklet) and your textbook, summarize the research that helps us understand a possible reason for aggressive behaviour in children
Bandura et al (1963)
Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)
Aim, method, results, strengths and weaknesses