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The Dark Ages ( BCE)
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After the Mycenaean civilization there is a bleak period; little is known about it.
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The Rise of the City-State and the Age of Colonization
( BCE)
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Prosperity returned, and independent communities emerged into city-states or POLIS meaning "community of people." The population increased, and Greeks needed more land for food.
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Athens & Sparta emerged as the largest and most powerful city-states.
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Athens & other states began colonies ( APOIKIA - "away homes") in areas where they could grow food & trade with their parent city-state.
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Perhaps this is why the philosopher Socrates called the Greeks “frogs around the pond. “
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They were established around the Med
They were established around the Med. Sea, & Black sea, even the edge of the Persian Empire.
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City states like Athens grew olives & wine grapes, and produced fine pottery for trade.
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They imported other crops, wood for ships, and metal from their colonies
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Sparta didn't colonize, and didn’t grow through trade.
It expanded by conquering lands around it and taking what it need through war.
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Important Developments
Age of Colonization
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Development 1 The trade that triremes (Greek ships) brought in allowed a wealthy middle class to emerge.
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Development 2 Trade also meant a need for metal currency - coins were developed by the Greeks.
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Development 3 The Greeks adopted a new alphabet (Phoenician) that was passed down to us.
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Development 4 The first Olympic games were held at Olympia (776 BCE)
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