1. Chapter 22 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

2. Progressive Era Cause/Effect
Causes
Growth of Industry
Growth of Cities
Political
-Direct primaries, initiative, recall
Split in Republican Party
Woman suffrage
Social
Laws protecting workers
Beginning of civil rights movement
Prohibition
Economic
Conservation of land and water
Regulation of business (anti-trust)
Federal Income Tax
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
Effects

3. What is the Progressive Era?
A period with the appearance of many reform movements resulting from rapid industrialization and urban growth

4. The Need for Reform
Unemployment, unsafe working conditions, political corruption grew as cities + population increased
Progressives argued that government needed to become more involved in solving such problems
Muckrakers – journalists who alerted public to wrongdoing in politics + business

5. Attacking the Bosses
Political machines took heavy criticism during progressive era

6. State Reforms
Direct primaries – election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections
17th Amendment – direct election of Senators
Referendum – citizens could demand via petition that a law be passed
Recall – ability to remove public officials from office

7. The Innovative Model T
Henry Ford transformed auto industry with mass production
Small profit on each unit, gross of huge profit on high volume of sales
1908: Model T introduced

8. Business Consolidations (mergers), 1895–1905

9. The Niagara Movement and the NAACP
Most African Americans were poor sharecroppers, segregated by Jim Crow Laws
Black workers gained least from prosperity of early 20th century
1905: W.E.B. DuBois rejected accommodation to racist society (Booker T. Washington)
"Niagara Movement" demanded immediate respect for equal rights of all people
NAACP + Urban League advocated African American rights

10. Immigration to the United States, 1900–1920 (by area of origin)

11. Mexican Immigration to the United States, 1900–1920

12. Organizing Labor A.F.L., led by Samuel Gompers was the largest union
1903: Women excluded from A.F.L. form Women's Trade Union League
1905: Others excluded from A.F.L. form Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

13. Labor Union Membership, 1897–1920