1. VIDYARTHI VIKAS VIDYALAY,MOHITYANCHE VADGAON
Sub-Science
Std-Eight
Std-Eight
Sub-Science
PRESENTED BY-
SHRI.LOKHANDE .A.A

2. CHAPTER NO.18
ANIMAL Husbandry

3. Animal husbandry is the science which deals with the scientific ways of rearing,tending and breeding animals.Man uses animals for food and several other purposes.

4. 4] Cattle dung has also
been traditionally used
as fuel.
5] The biogas technology
has recently been
developed to yield both
fuel as well as fertilizer.
6] Man began to us animal skins
to protect himself from heat, cold & rain.

5. 7] Today skins of dead animals are used to make many useful articles
such as purses, belts, water-skins,
a horse’s harness, footwear, etc. They
are also used to make garments .
footwear.

6. 8] Bones of dead animals
are useful to make fertilizer
as known as “bone meal", as
also needles, combs,
and other ornamental articles.
9] The substance separated
from bones before making fertilizer
is used to obtain glue or gelatin.
10] Cords made from gut (intestine)
of animals are used to stitch cuts made during surgery.

7. 11] Cords are also used for making the strings of strings instruments.
12] The hair from the
manes & tails of pigs
& camels are used for
making paint brushes.
13] The fat of camel & pigs is used
as food or making soap, candles,
grease & also in the garment industry.

8. Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
14]In olden time, pigeons were used to carry messages.
Even today, animals are
used to carry messages in
certain situations.

9. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 1]Food & shelter are basic needs of animals.
These are
fulfilled by
man with the
help of
Practices of animal husbandry.

10. FOOD :-
1] Grass, straw & horse gram
are the main food of animals
like buffaloes & horses.
2] Cattle are given supplementary food.
So cows & buffaloes are able to give more milk, oxen & horses can do more Physical work.

11. 3] Milch animals are given oil-cake of
cotton seeds & fermented fodder or silage or Ambon.
4]Ambon is a fermented mixture of oilcake, grain meal & jaggery.
5]Fermentation increases the nutritive
value of the feed.
6]Milch animals are fed oil-cake of cotton seeds.
7]Horses are given gram that has been
soaked in water.

12. 8]Animals used for their meat.
9]Animals are also given supp-
lementary food like milch ani-
mals.
10]Animals are
used to do phy-
sical work.

13. 11]Pigs are given rice husks, bone meal,
and leftovers from food.
12]Goats are given wheat
husks, corn, linseed oil-cake.
Generally, animals need dry feed equal to 2 to 2.5% of their own body weight daily.

14. Animal need enough clean water, too,along with food
Animal need enough clean water, too,along with food. Animals can get various diseases if they drink contaminated water.

15. SHELTER :- 2) The area of shed should be
Animal must get suitable shelter besides getting food & water.
Cattle sheds should be on
high ground, in a dry place,
which will also allow water to
drain away easily.
2) The area of shed should be
such as to allow animal tied
there to move comfortably.

16. 3) The shed floor should be built up
and should have a slope enough to allow urine to flow away.
4) Troughs meant for feeding the animals should be properly built.
5) The roofs should give them adequate
protection from sun & rain.
6)Drinking water should be kept close
to the shed.

17. HEALTH :-
1] Daily care of domestic
animals is necessary to
kepp them in good health.
2] Animals sheds should
be kept clean.
3] The floor should be regularly washed with germicides to prevent diseases & to protect the animal fromflies, fleas & gnats.

18. 3] Animals tend to get worms, they should be dewormed regularly.
4] Sheep are particularly prone to getting ticks & lice. Ticks are
found on their necks, shoulders
and around the anus. They cause wounds & suck blood. Often, maggots grow in these wounds. Hence, it is important to protect sheep from ticks.

19. Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
Medicines are not available for some animal diseases. e.g. 1) BIRD FLU AND RANIKHET.
There is also no cure for dogs or other animal who get Rabies . Hence it is necessary to vaccinate animals properly to prevent such diseases.
If you suspect that an animal is ill, it is best to take it to a veterinary hospital at once for proper treatment.

20. IF TIME IS LOST ,YOU MAY
LOSE THE ANIMAL TOO.

21. Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
Crossbred strains of animals :-
Technology has been developed for obtaining not only hybrid plants but hybrid strains of animal too.
The yield from such animals is greater. The profits are greater.

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
1)An Indian cows yields 5-6 liters of milk
every day. However, if she crossed withJersey, Holstein or Red Dean
bull, the yield from the offspring rises to10-12 liters daily.Cows of the Kandahar, Devani,Hilary & Dangi are varieties of Maharashtra have been selected for crossbreeding at the national level.

23. Devani cow
Kandhrai cow
Khilari cow
Dangi cow

24. Occupations complementary to agriculture :-
1)We keep cows & buffaloes for their milk.
2)We keep bullocks, horses,
asses & oxen for doing heavy
physical work.
3)We keep camel bullock,horses for transport.

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
Animal feed mostly on plants, animal husbandry has become a complementary business to farming. It include keeping sheep, poultry & pigs. Other animal based occupation include sericulture, pearl farming, pisciculture & obtaining lac.

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
Sheep rearing :-
1] A farmer does not incur any expenditure to feed the sheep.
2] Sheep feed by themselves on the leaves of bor & babhul trees, wild shrubs, stubble & waste of jawar groundnuts & horses gram, etc.
Jawar
Groundnuts
Horse gram

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
3] Sheep give wool, meat, skin & also manure through their droppings.
4] One Indian sheep gives one & half kilograms of wool & 10 to 12 kilograms of meat.
5] Nitrogen, phosphorus & potash content of sheep droppings is very high.
Sheep’s wool

28. Poultry farming :-
1) Layer hens that gives the eggs & broilers hens that supply are reared in poultry farming.
2) White Leghorn which eats
less & lay more eggs is widely
used for poultry. Each hen consumes 125 gms of nourishing diet daily & lays 200 to 250 eggs per year. Unfertilized eggs are used for eating purpose & are known as table eggs.

29. 3) The variety of hens such as Broilers, Rhode Island Red & White leg horn are used for obtaining meat. In a period of 8 to 10 weeks, they become 1300 to 1500 grams in weight.
White leg horn hen
Table eggs
Broiler hen

30. Pearl culture :-
1) Pearls are considered to be important in making ornaments, decorative articles & in embroidery since ancient times. This great demand has resulted into pearl industry.
Naturally, pearls are formed in a
marine animal called oyster.
With the help of new technique a
sand grain is inserts inside the oyster's
body.

31. The new technique helps in the formation of larger cultured pearls.
Cultured pearls are produced on
commercial basis & since they are
naturally produced by oysters, cannot
be considered as artificial once.
Decorative articles
Pearls
Oyster
Ornaments

32. The lac industry :-
1)In offices, sealing wax or lac is used
to seal envelope.This lac is also used
for making beads & costume jewellery .
2)Red coloured lac is the secre-
tion produced by lac insect.
3)Lac insect live on cactii or
flame of the forest tree [palas].
4)Lac is produced in only India.

33. Sericulture :-
High quality of silk fibre is secreted
by silk worm.
Since this is a profitable business
the silkworms are reared.
3) There are two type of silkworm,
one that lives & feeds on a mulberry
tree & the other that lives on ain tree.
4) The worm living on mulberry tree
yields very fine variety of silk while the
one living on ain tree yields tussore silk.

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
Life cycle of silkworm:Four stages are eggs, larva, pupa & adult moth or imago.
1)The larva of silk worm consumes the leaves of tree & secretes a sticky substances from its salivary glands.
2)Salivary gland upon exposure to air becomes a silk thread.
The larva winds the silk thread around its body to form cocon.

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Std-8th
Chap.-Animal Husbandry.
Sub-Science.
4) For obtaining silk the cocoons are put in boiling water.
Mulberry tree

36. PISCICULTURE :-
Both fresh water & marine fish are consumed as food.
2) Earlier man depended upon catching the fish available naturally in the water bodies.
3) Now Government supplies such good quality fish seed. This seed or larval forms [spawn] are reared in water bodies & fishes are grown into desirable & marketable sizes.

37. 4) Rohu, katla, mrugal & carp are some water fish while boi[mulletfish], muddushi[shellfish], renavi & khaski are some of the marine fish which are used for pesciculture.
Rohu fish
Calta fish
Mrigal fish
Carp fish

38. Mulletfish [boi]
Shellfish [muddushi]
cocoons