1. TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK:
Complete two more (total ten) source cards and ten more (total 60) note cards for RP by end of class Thursday,
begin Grammar #7 handout (run-ons and comma splices), due March 22, AND
schedule an appointment on Canvas for our second RP conference

2. CONFERENCE #2 (MANDATORY)
BE SURE YOU HAVE SIGNED UP FOR A TIME ON CANVAS!
Class will not meet Thursday, March 24, because of conferences. Bring ALL your RP materials—including your outline and first draft!—and your previous essays with my comments if your current overall grade in the class is a C or lower.

3. RUN-ONS (fused sentences) and COMMA SPLICES

4. Run-ons (also called fused sentences)
occur when you put two complete clauses (S+V groups) in one sentence without any separation.

5. Run-ons Here is an example of a run-on:
Romanticism is my favorite literary period it focuses on nature and emotions.
This one sentence actually contains two complete sentences. However, in the rush to get that idea out, I made it into one incorrect sentence.

6. There are many ways to correct this run-on.
1. You could make it into two separate sentences:
Romanticism is my favorite literary period. It focuses on nature and emotions.

7. There are many ways to correct this run-on.
2a. You could use just a semicolon:
Romanticism is my favorite literary period; it focuses on nature and emotions.
(This is an example of a compound sentence [coordination] because the two clauses are equally important.)

8. There are many ways to correct this run-on.
2b. You could use a semicolon with a transitional expression and a comma:
Romanticism is my favorite literary period; in addition, it focuses on nature and emotions.
(This is an example of a compound sentence [coordination] because the two clauses are equally important.)

9. TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS (also called adverbial conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs)
Here are just a few common ones:
; therefore, ; however, ; nevertheless,
; moreover, ; also, ; in addition,
; likewise, ; furthermore, ; meanwhile,
; thus, ; still, ; in conclusion,
; hence, ; on the other hand,
; first, ; next, ; then (no comma)

10. There are many ways to correct this run-on.
3. You could use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS):
Romanticism is my favorite literary period, for it focuses on nature and emotions.
(This is an example of a compound sentence [coordination] because the two clauses are equally important.)

11. “FANBOYS” words (coordinating conjunctions):
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO
Use a comma before a FANBOYS only to join two independent clauses.

12. Run-ons and Comma Splices (Grammar #7) and More Poetry
You CANNOT simply add a comma between the two sentences, or you'll end up with a "comma splice." Here is an example of a comma splice:
Romanticism is my favorite literary period, it focuses on nature and emotions.

13. (and other ways we will discuss later)
Comma splices
You can fix a comma splice the same way you fix a run-on:
1. A period (two sentences) 2. Just a semicolon 3. A comma and a FANBOYS
(and other ways we will discuss later)

14. REVIEW: SENTENCE ERRORS
Fragments happen when a word group is missing a subject, a verb, and/or a complete thought.
Fused sentences (run-ons) happen when two clauses are joined incorrectly
with no punctuation at all.
Comma splices happen when two clauses are joined incorrectly with just a comma.

15. Complete sentence = S + V + complete thought.
Examples = S + V. S + V . (2 sentences) = S + V ; S + V . (semicolon) = S + V , and S + V . (comma + FANBOYS)
Fragment = Because + S + V. (dep. word)
Run-on (fused sent.) = S + V + S + V.
Comma splice = S + V , S + V.

16. Correcting a run-on or comma splice with SUBORDINATION:
4. Use a subordinating conjunc-tion (dependent word).
Romanticism is my favorite literary period because it focuses on nature and emotions.
Because it focuses on nature and emotions, Romanticism is my favorite literary period.

17. Notice the comma difference:
Because it focuses on nature and emotions, Romanticism is my favorite literary period.
Romanticism is my favorite literary period because it focuses on nature and emotions.
When the subordinator comes at the beginning, it needs a comma before the next clause. When the subordinator comes in the middle, it gets no comma.

18. COMMON DEPENDENT WORDS (subordinating conjunctions)
after* although as as if as though because before* even even though if like* now that once since so that though unless until what whatever when whenever where wherever whereas whether while

19. Relative pronouns (who, whom, that, which) are also subordinators, but the punctuation is different. We will discuss them April 12.
Romanticism, which focuses on nature and emotions, is my favorite literary period.
Romanticism is a literary period that focuses on nature and emotions.

20. Run-ons and Comma Splices (Grammar #7) and More Poetry
FOLLOW THESE STEPS:
Get rid of prepositional phrases and interrupters.
Find the subject(s) and the verb(s). The verb is the action (unless it is a linking verb); the subject is the one doing the action.
If you have only one clause, it could be a complete sentence (if it is an independent clause) or a fragment (if it is dependent).
If you have two or more clauses, look at how they are joined (semi, comma + FANBOYS, dependent word, relative pronoun)

21. GRAMMAR #7 HANDOUT (50 points) is due Tuesday, March 22
GRAMMAR #7 HANDOUT (50 points) is due Tuesday, March 22. It is NOT a MyHCC / Canvas exercise, but the handout is available there if you need it.

22. Let’s try analyzing some other poems:
Margaret Atwood’s “You fit into me” (p. 228; consider tone, diction, repetition, imagery, and irony)
William Hathaway’s “Oh, Oh” (handout; consider tone, diction, imagery, and irony)
Randall Jarrell’s “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (p. 219; consider metaphor, diction, connotation, and ironic tone)
Gwendolyn Brooks’ “We Real Cool” (p. 236; consider diction, irony, rhyme, and tone)
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s “Richard Cory” (p. 216; consider irony, rhyme, rhythm, meter)
Katharyn Howd Machan’s “Hazel Tells LaVerne” (handout; consider diction, irony, and allusion)
William Carlos Williams’ “This Is Just to Say” (p. 223; consider image, diction, rhythm)
e.e. cummings’ “she being Brand” (handout; consider metaphor, imagery, diction, syntax, rhythm, and the odd capitalization, line breaks, and spacing)

23. Run-ons and Comma Splices (Grammar #7) and More Poetry
“You Fit into Me” by Margaret Atwood (p. 226)
you fit into me
like a hook into an eye
a fish hook
an open eye

24. Let’s try some other poems:
William Hathaway’s “Oh, Oh” (handout; consider tone, diction, imagery, and irony)

25. Let’s try some other poems:
Randall Jarrell’s “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (p. 219; consider metaphor, diction, connotation, and ironic tone)

26. Let’s try some other poems:
Gwendolyn Brooks’ “We Real Cool”
(p. 236; consider diction, irony, rhyme, and tone)

27. Let’s try some other poems:
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s “Richard Cory” (p. 216; consider irony, rhyme, rhythm, meter)

28. Let’s try some other poems:
Run-ons and Comma Splices (Grammar #7) and More Poetry
Let’s try some other poems:
Katharyn Howd Machan’s “Hazel Tells LaVerne” (handout; consider diction, irony, and allusion)

29. (p. 223; consider image, diction, rhythm)
Let’s try some other poems:
William Carlos Williams’ “This Is Just to Say”
(p. 223; consider image, diction, rhythm)

30. Let’s try some other poems:
Run-ons and Comma Splices (Grammar #7) and More Poetry
Let’s try some other poems:
e.e. cummings’ “she being Brand”
(handout; consider meta- phor, imagery, diction, syntax, rhythm, and the odd capitaliza-tion, line breaks, and spacing)