1. Vestibular apparatus. Vestibulo-ocular reflex.

2. FUNCTIONS OF THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE.
MAINTENANCE OF GAZE STABILITY
DURING HEAD MOVEMENTS .
MAINTENANCE OF EQUILIBRIUM
DURING BODY MOVEMENTS.
SUBJECTIVE SENSATION OF MOTION.
SPATIAL ORIENTATION.

3. THE HAIR CELLS ARE THE BASIC
ELEMENT OF THE VESTIBULAR RECEPTOR ORGANS.

4. THE HAIR CELL AND ITS STIMULATION

6. THE SENSE ORGAN OF THE SEMI-
CIRCULAR CANAL IS CRISTA AMPULARIS

8. CRISTA AMPULARIS HAIR CELLS ARE LOCATED ON THE SURFACE
OF THE CRISTA WITH THEIR CILIA PRO-
TRUDING INTO THE CUPULA.
THE CUPULA EXTENDS FROM THE SURFACE
OF THE CRISTA TO THE CEILLING OF THE
AMPULLA.
THE KINOCILIA OF THE HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA ARE LOCATED ON THE SAME SIDE
OF THE CRISTA.

11. ORIENTATION OF THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS WITHIN THE HEAD

12. MACULA

13. THE PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON
THE CELL BODIES OF THE PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON COPRISE SCARPA GANGLION

14. VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
SUPERIOR
INFERIOR
LATERAL
MEDIAL

15. CONNECTIONS OF THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.
CEREBELLUM
SPINAL CORD
CONTRALATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEI
EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

19. VESTIBULO- OCULAR REFLEX /VOR/
IS A 3-NEURON ARC :
PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON |
SECONDARY VESTIBULAR NEURON
EXTRAOCULAR MOTONEURON

20. SEMICIRCULAR CANAL-OCULAR REFLEXES
EACH SEMICIRCULAR CANAL IS CONNECTED
TO THE EYE MUSCLES IN SUCH A WAY THAT
STIMULATION OF THE CANAL RESULTS IN THE
EYE MOVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY IN THE PLAIN OF THE CANAL.

21. CONNECTION OF THE SCC WITH EXTERNAL EYE MUSCLES
SEMICIRCULAR CANAL EXITATION INHIBITION
=======================================
HORIZONTAL I-MR C-MR
C-LR I-LR
POSTERIOR I-SO I-IO
C-IR C-SR
ANTERIOR I-SR I-IR
C-IO C-SO