1. Chapter 9: The Age of Reform
9.1: The Progressive Movement

2. Causes of Progressivism
Economic Growth
Industrialization
Rise in middle class
Widened gap between rich and poor

3. What was the focus of Progressivism?
Urban problems
Plight of workers
Poor sanitation
Corrupt political machine

4. Who were Progressives?
Most were native born, middle or upper class, college educated
Men and women of the urban middle class
Doctors, engineers, ministers, small- business owners, social workers, teachers, and writers

5. Women and Progressivism
Influence politics and society
Progressive Party Platform
Supported women’s suffrage
End to child labor
Ella Flagg Young
First woman school superintendant in a major city
Promoted public education by raising teacher’s salaries

6. Progressive Issues Working Conditions 54 hrs/week, 6 days/ week
Higher accident rate than any other industrial country
Social Problems
People need to have greater control over government
Solve social problems with science and technology
Educational curriculum based on real- life activities

7. Inspiration for Reform
Muckrakers- [investigative] journalists that exposed the filth, or muck, of society
McClure’s Magazine- identified how corruption in business and politics affected readers everyday lives
Ida Tarbell
“Terror of the Trusts”
Investigated the practices
of John D. Rockefeller’s
Standard Oil Company

9. Chapter 9: The Age of Reform
9.2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

10. Female and Child Labor
Worked the same hours as men, but were paid less
Women would be penalized for working too fast
Children would be forced to work instead of attend school
Why do you think children are pushed into the labor force????

11. Labor Laws
Goal: prohibit or limit child labor; improve working conditions for women
Results
Child labor was limited or prohibited in many states
Some states required children to be able to read and write
Limit female work days for 8 to 10 hrs
Increase in wages; establishment of a minimum wage

12. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
A fire breaks out on the 8th floor of a 10-story building
The two exit doors were chained shut; the owners feared the workers would try to steal fabric
143 female workers died;
many leaped to their death
Fire department ladders
only reach the 7th floor

13. Results of the Fire
Rose Schneiderman, a Women’s Trade Union League organizer, pushed for a working class movement
New York legislature passed workmen’s compensation, occupational and fire safety legislation
The Factory
Investigating
Commission was
established

14. Labor Unions Opposed capitalism Led by Samuel Gompers
Goal: better working conditions and a “closed shop”- all workers belong to the union
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
American Federation of Laborers (AFL)
Opposed capitalism
Organized unskilled and skill laborers, including women, immigrants, and African Americans
Led by Samuel Gompers
Organized skilled laborers
Left out Eastern European immigrants and African Americans

15. Chapter 9: The Age of Reform
9. 3: Reforming Society

16. Prohibition
= A ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages
Goals:
Reduce crime
“Save” the family
“clean up” immoral behavior

18. Prohibition
Anti-Saloon League and Woman’s Christian Temperance Union led the movement
Prohibitionists helped to ban consumption of alcohol during WWI for the U.S. Navy
Senator William Kenyon “If liquor is a bad thing for the boys in the trenches, why is it a good thing for those at home?”

20. Prohibition Congress proposes the 18th Amendment in 1917
Prohibits the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Ratified by the states in 1919; enforced from
A very unpopular and difficult amendment to enforce; repealed in 1933

22. Progressivism and Racial Discrimination
African Americans and American Indians adopted some of the progressive ideals
W. E. B. Du Bois- an influential African American leader
An early supporter of civil rights;
urged African Americans to
become politically active for
racial equality
Helped establish the NAACP

23. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
African Americans and white progressives met in NYC to discuss the lynching of two African Americans
Goal: end racial discrimination and ensure equal rights
NAACP used the courts to fight for civil rights
Guinn v. United States (first victory)
Supreme Court outlaws the “grandfather clause”

24. Society of American Indians
Goal: improve civil rights, education, health, and local gov’t
Many favored assimilation, or absorption, into white culture
Jim Thorpe- prominent track
and field, baseball, and
football star

25. Americanization
= Process of preparing foreign-born residents for full U.S. citizenship
Progressives and immigrants mixed on the issue
Immigrant were taught to read, write, and speak English
Abandon cultural background and become “American”