1. Chapter 18: An Emerging World Power Section 4: The US and Latin America

2. DILEMMA--Did
U. S. citizenship
follow the flag??

3. The American Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

4. US Policy in PR and Cuba Page 604-605
What did the Foraker Act establish in Puerto Rico?
What did the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917 say and did it please Puerto Ricans?
How did the Platt Amendment limit Cuban independence?
Why did Cubans accept the Platt Amendment?

5. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903)
Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.
The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Senator Orville Platt

8. Puerto
Rico

9. Puerto Rico: 1898 1900 - Foraker Act. 1901-1903  the Insular Cases.
PR became an “unincorporated territory.”
Citizens of PR, not of the US.
Import duties on PR goods
 the Insular Cases.
Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions.
Congress had the power to decide these rights.
Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!

10. Puerto Rico: 1898 1917 – Jones Act.
Gave full territorial status to PR.
Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US.
PRs elected their own legislators & governor to enforce local laws.
PRs could NOT vote in US presidential elections.
A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.

11. TR’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”
Roosevelt said he preferred to “speak softly and carry a big stick” meaning he felt the US military was vital to its imperialist efforts
TR wanted the US to be on the same level as the European powers and wanted the US to “civilize” weaker nations
TR’s vision carried the US through the next few decades

12. Panama Canal Page 606
How successful were the French in building the Panama Canal?
Why does Roosevelt become angry with the Columbian government?
How did the US assist in the Panamanian Revolution?
How much did the US eventually pay for the “Canal Zone?”

13. Panama

14. Panama: The King’s Crown
1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provocateur.
Dr. Walter Reed.
Colonel W. Goethals.
1903  Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty.

15. TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)
Panama Canal
TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

17. Panama Canal
Began building in 1904, disease (yellow fever and malaria) nearly stops the project immediately
Lessons from Spanish-American War allow doctors to stop the diseases (mosquito nets and spraying)
The workers dug out 160 trainloads a day
Finally opens August of 1915
Panama Canal: Modern Marvels
Panama Canal: Timelapse

18. Panama Canal Fun Facts
The cruise ship Disney Magic paid $331,200 to pass through in 2008
Average toll is $54,000
Richard Halliburton swam the canal length in 1928, he paid .36 cents
5 billion dollar expansion project is under way to be completed in 2014
Takes 8-10 hours to pass through
Under US control until 1999, Panama now controls canal
Germans planned to blow it up during WW2

19. Roosevelt Corollary/ Dollar Diplomacy
TR updated the Monroe Doctrine (stated US would protect all countries in the Americas from European countries) with the Roosevelt Corollary
TR said the US would be a police presence in the Western Hemisphere and this threatened the freedom of the Latin American countries
Taft tried to move away from the “big stick” mentality by using “Dollar Diplomacy” by substituting dollars for bullets
However, when Latin American nations rejected Taft’s plans he also used military invention

20. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

21. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

22. Mexico

23. Mexico Page
Who seized power from long standing Dictator Porfirio Diaz? What eventually happened to that new leader?
Why did Wilson send troops to occupy the port of Veracruz?
What did Pancho Villa do that led Wilson to hunt him through Mexico?
Why did Wilson stop chasing Pancho Villa?

24. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

25. The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco I Madero

26. Searching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with Pancho Villa in 1914.

27. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
After winning in 1912 Wilson selected an anti-imperialist, William Jennings Bryan as Sec of State
Wilson did not want to seize other lands but rather use the military to “guide” Latin American nations in a moral direction
Wilson sent troops to Haiti from
He also used troops in the Dominican Republic and Mexico
Geography Interactive

28. Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should be the conscience of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.

29. U. S. Global Investments & Investments in Latin America, 1914

30. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s

31. Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”