1. Development Over the Lifespan (Chapter 14)
Lecture Outline:
Parenting and temperament
Adolescence and other transitions

2. The “Self” Self concept What am “I”
Physical, active, social, psychological components are related to progression across ages
Self-esteem
Evaluative component
How valued am I?
People internalize the evaluative judgements made by others
How we see ourselves is related to how we think others see us, but not always how they actually see us.

4. Parental Styles
Authoritarian: Firm, punitive, unsympathetic, and negative
Children can learn to be sneaky and externally controlled with low self-esteem
Permissive: Freedom, no rules or discipline
Children can learn to be impulsive, get in trouble
Authoritative: Firm but understanding
Children help make the rules, high self-esteem

5. Temperament
Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional experience
Easy: Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and eating cycles
Difficult: Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new situations
Slow-to-warm up: Avoid/ shy with novelty
Temperamental assessment:
Behavioral observations
Physiological reactivity

6. Goodness-of-fit: person X environment interaction
Irritable Baby
Parenting: Stable Unstable
Baby: More Fussy Less Fussy
Parent: Poor coping Good coping
Toddler: Negative Happy
Fussy Calm

7. Physiology of adolescence
1987, Dr. Marcia E. Herman-Giddens and colleagues described the results of physical examinations of 17,077 American girls.
Caucasian girls were showing bodily signs of sexual maturity an average of one year earlier than previous studies had indicated, and Black-American girls two years earlier. On the average, breast development was notable before age 10 in white girls and before age 9 in black girls, and the growth of pubic hair generally occurred about a year later. But even at age 7, 27 percent of black girls and nearly 7 percent of white girls had begun to grow breasts, pubic hair or both.
Boys go through puberty earlier, but menarche makes this easier to study in girls.
Why? Nutrition? Body fat content? Family stress? What is the impact on self concept? Do early maturers get in more trouble?

8. Growing Autonomy of Teenagers
Conflicts with parents
Negotiation and enforcement of rules
Manipulating parents, Individuation
Mood swings and depression
Shy, withdrawn, unattractive, rejection by peers
Risk-taking behavior
Drugs, alcohol, sexuality, gangs, weapons, law
Ethnic identity (Own) and acculturation (Dominant Culture)
Can be high a low in each, problems when you are low in both

9. Erik Erikson and Personality Development
Trust vs. mistrust: Birth to 1 year
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3)
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult)
Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

11. Life transitions and social clock
Anticipated transitions: Everyone does these at the same time
Examples: go to school, drive a car, vote, serious relationship, children, retirement
Unanticipated transitions: You do something early
Children (teen parenthood), retirement (forced early but outs), get a job (financial need)
Non-event transitions: Something expected does not happen
Children (late birth-timing), Work (career advancement is slow), Solitude (not in serious relationship or marriage when you thought you would be)

13. Cattell’s (1971) Two Subfactors of Intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Understanding abstract and new information
Deductive reasoning and analogies
Creative relationships
Crystallized Intelligence
Accumulation of knowledge
Vocabulary and general information
Knowing lots of “stuff”

14. Cognition in later years
Decrease in fluid and increase in crystallized intelligence, e.g., “Lost in Boston”
Overall changes in information processing, but no net deficits
Wisdom: Insight into human development and life
Greater awareness of what you do
not know
Neural plasticity after strokes
Degeneration in Alzheimer’s