1. Clemens Schneider, Wuppertal Institute
29th August 2017 | ESPO conference, Barcelona
Decarbonisation of ports and port industry Turning the challenge into an opportunity
Clemens Schneider, Wuppertal Institute

2. Low carbon ports are a major constituent of a low carbon economy.
Transport to and from the port is low carbon.
The port industry produces and handles products with zero GHG footprint as well as with no GHG emissions after their lifetime.

3. (I) Transport to and from as well as within the port is low carbon.
Change of infrastructure.
methanol
liquefid methane
modall shift
synthetic diesel
green warehousing

4. (II) The port industry produces and handles products with zero GHG footprint as well as with no GHG emissions after their lifetime.
Half of today‘s EU-28 territorial CO2 emissions have previously passed the major EU ports.  Change of business model required.

5. Raw materials extraction Manufacturing
Relevance of freight transport: Low carbon ports will be a major hub in future closed carbon cycles.
Raw materials extraction
Manufacturing
Product use
Recycling
Basic materials
Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)
Amount of future flows?
Geographical scope?

6. Electrification can transform the whole energy system: Example: German energy flow in 2050 with direct electrification and high efficiency strategy (TWh) PE
conversion FE
use
materials
synthetic methane production
282
useful energy
362
1 004
electrolysis
639
industry
electricity generation
synfuel production
households
2 016
1 914
379
services
130
ambient heat
149
transport
PE losses
direct solar
153 72
557
FE losses
395 29
173

7. Could be (partially) imported as H2, or syngas or synfuel
Electrification can transform the whole energy system: Example: German energy flow scenario in 2050 with indirect electrification and high efficiency strategy (TWh)
materials PE
conversion FE
use
industry
synthetic methane production
282
useful energy
households
755
1 004
services
379
149
153
electricity generation
electrolysis
2 946
transport
2 845
2 037
synfuel production
ambient heat
624
PE losses
direct solar
923
1 259 72
FE losses 29
402
Could be (partially) imported as H2, or syngas or synfuel

8. In spite of alternatives (like battery electric cars) import of liquid low carbon fuels could be still of relevance.
How can existing infrastructures be transformed?

9. CCS may be a niche business for some EU ports with good geographical conditions and existing competitive clusters.

10. Ports could be first movers in a Power-to-X economy.

11. Rotterdam example: Stepwise approach to consistent scenario definition
Global
Global GHG mitigation effort level I ° I ° I EU
EU GHG emission reduction target & policy I BAU I % I to -95% I
Port economy
Economic strategy of the port’s industrial cluster I BAU I Technological Progress I Bio & CCS I Closed Carbon Cycle I
Development of scenarios and discussion of scenarios with stakeholders
Bio & CCS:
CCS for power plants and for ?
biomass for power generation as well as for feedstock for refineries and the chemical industry
Synthetic fuel generation (Fischer-Tropsch) from bioimass and renewables-based hydrogen
Closed Carbon Cycle (CYC): the future EU
energy system will be almost completely based on renewable electricity, which will supply
heat as well as hydrogen for the synthetic generation of feedstock for the chemical industry as
well as the remaining small rest of fuels in the transport sector, with the carbon required for
the chemicals stemming from recycled waste. Technologies particularly needed for the port’s
industrial cluster in this scenario are water electrolysis and gasification or pyrolysis to capture
carbon from waste, as well as technologies for the production of base chemicals from syngas.

12. Rotterdam example: Investment cycles, future markets and strategic decisions shape the scenarios.

13. Pathways and opportunities for the Port of Rotterdam industrial cluster

14. Thank you For your Attention
Clemens Schneider|
Thank you For your Attention
For further information:

15. Identified potential for new economic activity at the Port of Rotterdam in a decarbonising world.
Bio-based chemistry: Biofuels and specialty chemicals
Use of waste: Synthetic gas  feedstock for chemical industry
Synthetic fuels: CO2 from biomass or captured CO2, using hydrogen as a feedstock