1. Early Rome
Warm Up: Write down one thing you already know about Rome (on pink) and one thing you want to know (on green). We will share as a class.

2. Where in the world is Rome?

4. Your Map!
Label the map of "The Topography of Ancient Rome" as indicated below:
bodies of water [blue]: Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea
rivers [blue]: Po, Tiber, Adige
mountains/peaks [brown]: Alps, Apennines, Mt. Etna, Mt. Vesuvius
islands [green]: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily
cities [red]: Rome, Venice, Sarajevo, Zagreb, Tunis, Bern, Naples, Palermo
peoples [purple]: Carthage, Etruria, Greeks
other [black]: Magna Graecia

5. Your Map!

6. Land of Ancient Rome 3 times larger than Greece
Large coastline; few harbors
Traded up and down the coastline and across the Mediterranean Sea.
Fertile land: especially along the Po River (Northern Italy)
Able to produce more food than Greece
Built along the Tiber River

7. Land What is now the Italian peninsula
3 times larger than the homeland of the ancient Greeks.
Despite 3200km of coastline, good harbors were scarce.
Hilly and mountainous—difficult for overland transportation and communication.

8. Mountains Apennines- runs down the eastern length
The Alps-north; which helped protect Rome from invasion.

9. Fertile Land
Northern Plain-was enriched by the fertile deposits from the Po River.
Latium and Campania on the west coast. Soil was enriched by phosphate from volcanoes which were active until 1000 BCE.

10. Three main rivers Po- emptied into the Adriatic sea to the east.
The Arno and the Tiber flowed into the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west.

11. The Tiber River Most Important River to the Romans
Rome was developed on its banks 24km up stream from the Mediterranean sea.
Rome came to control trade on the river and throughout the Mediterranean.
Romans built the port of Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber to accommodate ships too large to travel up the river to Rome. (mouth refers to the point where a river flows into a sea.

12. Climate
Rome like most of the Italian peninsula has a Mediterranean climate.
Rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
In the North were the Po river is located usually experiences a continental climate with moderate winter snow, summer rain, and a wet spring and fall.
This suited the production of wheat, olives, and grapes.

13. Myth of origin: Romulus & Remus (753 BC)
The Story of Rome
Fill in the Blank Story
De-coding Activity

14. Questions (to hand in)

15. Rome Rome was built along the Tiber River
Myth of origin: Romulus & Remus (753 BC)
Originally ruled by tribal chiefs
conquered by the Etruscans in 800 BC
Rome was influenced by Greek society and culture.
It was city-state until 509 BC then became a republic
Etruscan kings ruled what is now modern day Italian peninsula.
Legend: Romans drove out last king and declared a republic.
Remained a republic until 27 BC and became an empire.
Empire: a collection of city-states or countries in which the emperor rules over. A form of monarchy

16. Roman Republic Became a republic in 509 BC
supreme power rests in the body of citizens
Started expanding during wars with Carthage (N. Africa)
Punic Wars.. spanned from 264 BC until 164 BC

17. Accomplishments of the Republic
270 BC biggest army in Mediterranean
264BC Rome controls Italy
264 BC Rome vs. Carthage
146 BC Rome destroys Carthage and conquers the Greeks.
27BC Rome becomes an empire.

18. Rome Legion a fighting force of 5000 men.
Highly trained and disciplined.
Each man carries:
Ration for 2 weeks
Trenching tools
Cooking pots
Stakes to set up camp
They always build camp before battling.

19. Armor Light because they traveled long distances on foot Brass helmet
Leather coat strengthened with medal plates

20. Weapons
Long javelin
Short stabbing sword carried in a leather or wooden stealth at their right side
Knife in a stealth on their left
Shield

21. Life of a legionary Severe and demanding Poor pay
They are more than a skilled fighters, they were:
Surveyors
Engineers,
road-builders
Bridge makers
They were the backbone of the empire and were the main reasons for Roman expansion.

22. Augustus Emperor Had had more than 60 legions under arms
30 to protect the imperial frontier

23. Indo-Europeans or Latins
1200BCE began settling in the Italian peninsula
Settled on the central plains
They farmed and traded with neighbors.
Constructed a bridge to allow passage at a spot where the Tiber river narrowed. The Tiber was interrupted a major trade route.
Villages began forming around the bridge.
Gradually these villages formed a town on the slopes of the Palatine and Capitoline hills—Rome.

24. Greeks on the Peninsula
Greek colonization: 750 BCE BCE
Built towns in southern Italy and in Sicily
Their towns grew into prosperous city- states and Greek culture flourished.
Famous Greeks like Archimedes and Pythagoras helped make these cities centers of learning, trade, and commerce.

25. The Etruscans Occupied the plain just north of Rome—Etruria.
We are still not sure where they originated.
Possibly natives of the area or from Asia Minor—
peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey.
Developed a very sophisticated society by 800 BCE which was ruled by kings.
They began expanding their territory to the north and south towards Rome.

26. Etruscan military
Enforced compulsory service and training.

27. Roman Military
Only summoned able-bodied men to defend the city when it was necessary.
Recruits supplied their own weapons.
Richest Romans served in the cavalry
The poorest (who could not afford armour) served as light armed troops.
In 600BCE they were overpowered by the Etruscans.

28. Tarquin Family
Ruled Rome until 509 BCE
Gradually weakened

29. As pop. Increased these fertile lands could not supply the growing demand for grain. Rome was more productive agriculturally than Greece but like the Greeks the Romans had to find colonies to supplement their food supply

30. Roman Empire Who leads? Length of rule? How do they take power?
Emperor
Length of rule?
For life
How do they take power?
Inheritance or by force
Roman Republic
Who leads?
Elected officials
Length of rule?
One year
How do they take power?
Appointed by senate