1. Narrative Inquiry

2. Narrative Inquiry
Example
Experiment
“Handout” Review
Proposal

3. Cameron, 1997

4. Cameron, 1997

5. Images from Cameron, 1997

6. Prof. Jean Clandinin, University of Alberta
BERA, 2012

7. (Jean Clandinin, Interview 2012)
We do research on
instead of research with
(Jean Clandinin, Interview 2012)

8. Where do stories come from?

9. Where do stories come from?
Memoirs
Biographies
Autobiographies
Diaries
Archival Documents
Art – folk ballads, photographs, plays
Interviews

10. Front of Class G A B C D E F

11. Interviews Elliot George Mishler
Research interviewing : context and narrative
Previous Model: Facilitating interviewer/Respondent
Mishler’s Model: Two active participants
Interview as a conversation
When shifts (digressions) occur, follow them
Pass control from interviewer to interviewee
Greater equality/greater uncertainty
Interview over time, not one shot
Researcher should do the interview
(Reissman, 2008, p 23)

12. Narrative Inquiry
A fundamental criterion of narrative is surely contingency. Whatever the content, stories demand the consequential linking of events or ideas. Narrative....entails imposing a meaningful pattern on what would be otherwise random and disconnected
(Reissman, 2008, p 5)

13. Narrative Analysis Thematic Analysis Structural Analysis
Dialogic/Performance Analysis

14. Narrative Analysis Thematic Analysis
Focus is on the act the narrative reports and the moral of the story
What information is relevant to the study
Content
(Reissman, 2008)

15. Narrative Analysis Structural Analysis How the story is put together
How the speaker persuades
Shift from what’s told to the telling
(Reissman, 2008)

16. Labov's 6 Basic Elements of Storytelling
1. Abstract - How does it begin?  2. Orientation - Who/what does it involve, and when/where?  3. Complicating Action - Then what happened? 4. Resolution - What finally happened? 5. Evaluation - So what? 6. Coda - What does it all mean?
Looks at function of a clause
(Labov, 1967)

17. James Gee
1. Narrative is spoken in units 2. Idea units, lines, or stanzas Looks at how a clause is spoken
(Gee, 1991)

18. Narrative Analysis Dialogic/Performance Analysis who it’s spoken to
for what purpose

19. Narrative Analysis Thematic Analysis – What is being said
Structural Analysis – How it is said
Dialogic/Performance Analysis – to whom is it being said, when and why
(Reissman, 2008)

20. A Short History
Late 19 Century – move towards quantitative methodology
Dissatisfied with results, extrapolation and generalization wasn’t working
Up to the 60s – move towards narrative, but objectivity remained
Mid 80s – expands, challenging realism and positivisim
Labov’s 6 elements – Structural Analysis (1967)
Mishler’s Research Interviewing (1986)
Mitchell’s On Narrative (1981)

21. Where do stories come from?
“The researcher does not find narratives but instead participates in their creation”
(Mishler, 1986)

22. Advice for Narrative Inquiry
BERA, 2012

23. References
British Educational Research Association, BERA (2012). A Short Video Interview with Prof. Jean Clandinin. University of Manchester Downloaded January 14, 2017 from Bruner, J. (1991). The Narrative Construction of Reality. Critical Inquiry, 18(1), Cameron, J. (Director). (1997). Titanic. [Motion Picture]. United States: Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. Gee, J. P. (1991). A Linguistic Approach to Narrative. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 1(1), Labov, W., & Waletzky, J. (1967). Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience. In J. Helm (Ed.), Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts (pp ). Seattle: American Ethnological Society/University of Washington Press. Mishler, E.G. (1986) Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.