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Rainer Weiss, MIT Physics Faculty Lunch February 19, 2015

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1 Rainer Weiss, MIT Physics Faculty Lunch February 19, 2015
A brief history of gravitational waves: theoretical insight to measurement Rainer Weiss, MIT Physics Faculty Lunch February 19, 2015

2 1900 1920 1940 1960 theory observation technology
L. Landau & E. Lifshitz Classical Theory of Fields J.R. Oppenheimer H. Snyder Gravitational collapse to a BH N.Rosen & A.Einstein Doubt cylindrical exact wave solution A. Einstein Special Relativity Random processes Atomic clock A. Einstein General Relativistic waves R.V.Pound Cavity freq. stabilization Chapel Hill meeting Wiener-Kinchin Hubble expansion 1900 1920 1940 1960 Vacuum triode Lock-in amplifier Mt Palomar 5.1m maser Mt Wilson 2.5m mostly mathematics Feynman comments the field needs experiment, less mathematics E. Hubble External galaxies A.S. Eddington skeptic: about pseudo tensor, inability to solve binary system, coordinate waves that propagate with the speed of thought also ones that might carry energy M. Abraham Electromagnetic analog K. Jansky Radio astronomy Understanding servoes H. Bode H. Nyquist C. Shannon Josh Goldberg US AirForce

3 1960 1970 1980 1990 F.A.E. Pirani, GW geodesic deviation
H. Bondi : beads on rod, energy in GW P.Bender LISA (1975) J. Taylor &R. Hulse binary pulsar J. Weber Acoustic resonant bar GW detectors M.Gertsenshtein GW interaction with EM waves Space program: C.Misner,R.V.Pound, P.Bender, RW Laser GW detector, X and K band ranging Chapel Hill meeting J. Goldberg GW from inflation D.C Backer Integrated circuit Kruskal coordinates X-ray astronomy Kerr metric millisecond pulsars Millisecond pulsar timing GW detection V. Braginsky (1974) quantum limit Laser transistor 1960 1970 1980 1990 NSF report 1983 LIGO J.Bell&A.Hewish pulsars Battelle Seattle workshop Electromagnetically coupled GW detector (RW) COBE cosmic structure J. Wheeler: Physical reality of GW, Weber bar F. Estabrook H. Wahlquist space craft ranging CMB discovery BH in Cygnus X-1 R. Vogt becomes 1st Director of LIGO PDP 11 Lab computer R.H.Dicke: Eotvos experiment, electronic cooling of mechanical instrument Cosmic inflation NSF Study Committee on Interferometric GW detection P. Saulson A.Guth A.Linde R. Isaacson B.McDaniel A. Sessler

4 1990 2000 2010 2020 R.Drever K. Thorne R. Vogt F. Pretorius
Numerical relativity waveforms LIGO 1989 Proposal to NSF Gamma ray burst afterglows WMAP CMB polarization D. H. Shoemaker 1990 2000 2010 2020 Advanced LIGO construction begins LIGO construction begins Joint LIGO, VIRGO, GEO runs clean null: No NS/NS to 20Mpc in one year observation CMB polarization from GW A.Brillet & A. Giazotto VIRGO 1990 D. Reitze 4th LIGO Director J. Marx 3rd LIGO Director B. Barish 2nd LIGO director K.Danzmann GEO 1995 & LISA

5 Gravitational wave spectrum

6 References Traveling at the speed of thought Daniel Kennefick
Princeton University Press 2007 Subtle is the Lord: The Science and Life of Albert Einstein Abraham Pais Clarendon Press 1982

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