1. Tshidzumba Ratsodo Phillip Supervisor: Prof. Paxie Chirwa
"EVALUATION OF LAND RESTITUTION BENEFITS TO COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA"
Tshidzumba Ratsodo Phillip
Supervisor: Prof. Paxie Chirwa
04th – 05th October 2017
SAFCOL FORESTRY INDUSTRIALIZATION CONFERENCE

2. Background
Land reform topic in South Africa has recently received more political attention and it has also proven to be delicate issue.
At the same time, land reform provided an opportunity to previously disadvantaged rural communities’ who suffered land dispossession under the apartheid regime.
More commercially afforested land under claim poses a serious challenge and threat to timber production.
As such, to ensure the sustainability of the existing land use, the implementation of Public-Private partnership models fully designed by FI has been considered.
The development of such models provided some level of relief to the forestry industry whilst potentially “opening opportunities” to land claimants to participate into forestry business activities.
However, the main question of our study was whether benefits accrual to the beneficiaries has been achieved through these PPP.

3. Forest plantation land area cover statistics

4. Land Reform (Restitution) – Forest-Based Public-Private Partnership
Conceptual framework
Forestry
Industry/
Companies
Land Reform (Restitution) –
GOVT
Forest-Based Public-Private Partnership
Land Claimants
Are these models able to facilitate accrual of benefits accruing to the beneficiaries ???

5. Surveyed land restitution community beneficiaries
Demographics of the Survey Beneficiaries
Ama-Bomvini
Cata
AGE CATEGORY (YEAR)
18-35
11.4
7.4
36-55
34.3 24
Over 55
54.3
68.6
HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION 
Not educated
33.6
14.9
Primary
45.7
46.3
Secondary
20.0
36.0
Tertiary
0.7
2.9
TP=220 (n=140)
TP = 334 (n=175)
Cata community beneficiary
(Keiskammerhoek Area - EC): CME
Ama-Bomvini community beneficiary
(Kranskop Area - KZN) : SLB

6. Sale and Leaseback Model Entrepreneurial Opportunities/
Model short fall is that partnership terms does not include beneficiation
Worrying factor: Poor participation by youth
Sale and Leaseback Model
Bursary
Market guaranteed
Entrepreneurial Opportunities/
Employment
Income:
Rental & Stumpage fee
Opportunity for community beneficiary to take over…
It favours the private companies
Provision of extension services

7. Community Managing Own Land (CME)
continue…..
Worrying factor: Poor participation by youth
The success of this model is dependent on continuous post-settlement support i.e. financially and technically from GOVT/NGO
Community Managing Own Land (CME)
Employment Creation
Decision making flexibility
Source own funding
Market not guaranteed
This model also gives the beneficiaries more room to decide on alternative land uses without compromising on the existing ones.

8. Beneficiaries perception on existence of benefit-sharing mechanisms
A Total of 15,5% surveyed beneficiaries from Ama-Bomvini perceived that mechanisms for distribution of benefits amongst beneficiaries existed compared to 41.7% from Cata.

9. Reasons for poor performance of Forest-Based partnership models regarding benefits sharing as per findings?
Models are industry centred – e.g. SLB
Exclusion of land beneficiaries when designing of partnership models
Transparency
Trust
Greed for power
Elite capture element
Financial and Technical Skills
No Benefit sharing mechanisms in place
None existence of post-settlement support
Governance
Conflicting views of beneficiaries over the land use priorities

10. Major points of consideration from the study findings
Coordinated research focusing on forestry land reform PPP model’s effectiveness on improving households beneficiaries SES. Understanding land claimants’ desirable modalities to accrue benefits from their land or partnership.
Interdepartmental working relationship need to be strengthened (i.e. different GOVT departments need to contribute support within their specific mandates and expertise to the CB)
Provide M&E as planned.
Provision of Grants timeously to beneficiaries.
This could promote beneficiaries’ interest to venture into forestry industry operations, thereby realizing substantial benefit accrual to all beneficiaries.
Sustainability and/or future of the forestry industry could be assured while mutually benefiting CB.
Land Reform PPP Models
Accrual of Benefits to
Community beneficiaries
Govt PSS
Research
Processing component be part of PPP agreement
Skills PGs
What is missing in between here???

11. Cont…..
More research is required with regard to forest-based partnership models, especially to understand various benefit-sharing mechanism modalities desirable to the beneficiaries.
To this effect, MSc project is currently underway as a continuation to close the gaps identified in this research.
Research on partnership arrangement would pave a way for meaningful and mutual forest-based models that are inclusive of all partner’s interests.
The future of the forest plantation land use if these issues are not addressed is hanging on the balance. Hence, confronting reality facing us could be the only way out to effectively deal with this challenge.
Information dissemination through workshop training and conference presentation of the findings to the beneficiaries and the industry role players is crucial.

12. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION TRAINING WORKSHOP
Traditional leadership Development programme: Implementation of Traditional Leadership Programme for Members of the Makgoba Traditional Council.

13. How can we achieve forestry industrialization with positive impact to the livelihoods of the community beneficiaries through forest-based partnership models??

14. For the research funding assistance
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
For the research funding assistance
“The reward of a thing well done is to have done it". - Emerson
THANK YOU - NDO LIVHUWA!!!