1. 37th Meeting of the LNF Scientific Committee OPERA Status Report
Lucia Votano
On behalf of the OPERA Collaboration
Lucia Votano 1

2. OPERA-LNF General support structure Containers for the
emulsion-lead bricks
(« walls »)
OPERA-LNF
General support structure
F. Bersani Greggio, A. Cazes, V. Chiarella, C. Di Troia, B. Dulach, G. Felici, A. Franceschi, F. Grianti, T. Napolitano, M. Paniccia, A. Paoloni, M. Spinetti, F. Terranova, L. Votano
In collaboration with
LNF-SEA, LNF-SPAS, LNF-SSCR, LNF-DA_
Scintillators
Veto
Magnets
RPC
Brick insertion machine
Drift tubes
Automatic scanning of nuclear emulsion
LNF projects
Projects with partecipation of LNF
Brick production machine (“BAM”)
Lucia Votano
Non-LNF projects

3. t identification Neutrino 125mm 100mm 75.4mm II 10 X0 ECC
Target is divided in about ECC’s
Neutrino
Long event 40%
Short event 60%
125mm
100mm
75.4mm II
10 X0
lead plate
ECC
（Emulsion Cloud Chamber）
Piled up
alternately
Nuclear Emulsion
(OPERA film)
～ 8.3 kg

4. Sensitivity of tau neutrino detection
Full mixing after 5 years run at 4.5x1019 pot / year
- decay
channels
Signal
(Full mixing)
Background
m2
2.5 x 10-3 (eV2)
3.0 x 10-3 (eV2)
-  µ-
2.9
4.2
0.17
-  e-
3.5
5.0
-  h-
3.1
4.4
0.24
-  3h
0.9
1.3
ALL
10.4
15.0
0.76
Background sources:
- Charm production and decays
- Hadron re-interactions in lead
- Large-angle muon scattering in lead
Occur if primary muon is not detected and possible wrong charge measurement of secondary muon.
Muon ID is very crucial issue for the experiment!

5. Brick Target 2003 : start building detector
January 2007: start filling target
Brick Target
Target mass 1.35 kt
　~　 Bricks
　~　8 millions of
nuclear Emulsion
Brick filling ( bricks) completed in July 2008:
4500 bricks will be produced at the end of 2008
once additional lead will be delivered after J.L. Goslar fire accident
Lucia Votano

6. 2008 CNGS neutrino run 18 June -3 Nov 2008 1.78E19 pot
Sept-Oct E17 pot
2008 CNGS neutrino run 18 June -3 Nov E19 pot
2009 CNGS neutrino run requested 4.5E19 pot ( nominal), scheduled 3.5E19 pot
(168 days 48s supercycle 80% efficiency E13 pot/extraction)
Lucia Votano

7. 2007 CNGS ( OPERA 80% SM1 filled = 0.5 kton)
 Sept-Oct 2007: 8.24x1017 integrated pot
CNGS “Nominal”:
pot /yr (1yr=200 days)
20/10/07
12/10/07
Comissioning
Physics
Problems in ventilation control units of the proton target
9/10/07
pot
59 : CNGS very stable at pot/day
326 expected events in bricks
38 events registered:
29 CC NC
5/10/07
pot
Time: in ns from 1/01/1970

8. CNGS 2008 integrated intensity: 1.782E19 pot
3/11 8:00
1.782E19 pot
CNGS “Nominal” :
pot /yr (1yr=200 days)
Horns filters
19-20/10
18KV cable accident
25/7
6-8/10 MD
CNGS quadrupole
14-17/9
Beam loss, vacuum accident 27/6-2/7
10/7-18/7 Earth fault on the PS
magnet
Horn + PS vacuum
Week 1/9
Wed 18/6 17:00
Start of commissioning at low intensity
PS septum + Long MD
8-14/8
Long MD stop + MTE kicker problem
7/7 6:00 – 10/7 12:00
June 26th- November 3rd
Unix Time

9. 2008 Statistics
Duty cycle increased since September 24th (suppression of LHC pilot cycle)
Further increase after October 6th (stop of north area)
This allowed to partially recover the initial bad performance:
Final statistics delivered by CNGS: 1.782E19 pot collected,
(80% of the 2008 expectations)
about on time events
1700 neutrino interactions in the bricks
Important note:
This year we had two different running conditions
From June 26th June to September 24th : ~0.75x1019pot in 8 Unix Time Units
From September 25th to November 3rd : ~1.03x1019pot in 3.5 Unix Time Units
The event rate/day during the second period was ~25 (~170 events/week)
Lucia Votano

10. OPERA 2008 run (Electronic Detectors)
Average rate
Reference sample:
long tracks
(>5 TT planes)
(x20)
CNGS on-time
events
(x100)
CNGS start: 18 june 2008
137 days of data taking
~10.5 million events acquired
~10100 events on time with CNGS
1700 neutrino interactions in the bricks
The electronic detectors and the DAQ ran smoothly (99.96% efficiency for the target tracker during operation, loss of 2*1017 pot due to power cuts in LNGS)
Lucia Votano

11. OPERA working chain
1. Trigger on event “on time” with CNGS and selection of the brick using electronic detectors information (brick finding algorithm)
2. Brick removed by BMS (brick manipulating system)
3. The emulsion interfaces (CS) are separated from the brick, developed and a connection with respect to the electronic predictions is searched for in one of the two Scanning Stations, located in Europe (LNGS) and in Japan (Nagoya)
4. If any track is found in the CS, the brick is exposed to X-rays beam and to cosmic rays for sheets alignment
5. The brick is disassembled and the emulsion films are developed and sent to one of the scanning labs
6. The selected scanning lab acquire the brick, looking for the particles previously found in the CS and follow them until the neutrino interaction is found
7. A volume scan around the neutrino interaction is performed and the neutrino vertex is confirmed
8. The scanning lab stores the information about the brick in a local database. Information are then copied in one of the two synchronized central databases
9. The events are reconstructed and analyzed off-line by accessing to the database
Lucia Votano

12. Computing and DB Electronic detector data Emulsion data Central DBs
Online analysis performed in HallB;
Data are extracted twice a day: input for the brick finding;
Once a week data are copied into the central DB
Emulsion data
Each scanning lab has its own local database;
If a vertex is confirmed: data transferred into the the central DBs
Central DBs
We have two central DB: OPITA (located at the LNGS) and OPFRA (located at the CCIN2P3 in Lyon).
The central DBs contain:
electronic detectors data (including slow control data);
brick production & handling (BAM, BMS, film development…);
scanning data;
event reconstruction
Hardware and software: data storage and batch systems setup at the CCIN2P3 of Lyon
Lucia Votano

13. OPERA DB Oracle-based OPERA DB system Analysis Follower BMS OPFRA
Web service providing quick data access to summaries and reports
Analysis Follower
Two Central DB servers (OPITA & OPFRA) collect data from specific DBs
BMS
Napoli
Roma
Frascati
Electronic DAQ
OPFRA
OPITA
Emulsion
Develop.
Bern
Bari
Lyon
Salerno
Nagoya
LNGS
Bologna
Padova
Lucia Votano
Robust, redundant system
In case of hardware problems on either Central DB, the other can undertake the load of the failed machine

14. Emulsion scanning in OPERA
State-of-art automated microscopes
fast bi-dimensional image analysis
real-time high precision 3D tracking
XY stage (Micos) 0.1 μm nominal precision
Z stage (Micos) 0.05 μm nominal precision
Illumination system, objective
(Oil 50× NA 0.85) and optical tube (Nikon)
CMOS camera 1280×1024 pixel 256 gray levels 376 frames/sec (Mikrotron MC1310)
Emulsion Plate
The European Scanning System
Scanning speed: 50 cm2/h/side average (72 cm²/h/side peak)
custom parallel processing (FPGAs)
Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.4)
Efficiency: 95% using tracks
X axis is driven with continuous motion
Custom CMOS camera 512×512 pixel 3000 frames/sec
Piezoelectric fine drive for Z motion of lens
Oil objective 35× NA 0.85
Mechanics based on Nikon microscope stages X/Y/Z nominal precision = 0.1mm
The S-UTS (Japan)
Scanning speed: 20 cm2/h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data)
Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.5)
Efficiency: up to 95% using tracks,
~100% using microtracks
0.3÷0.7 μm precision for recons. tracks

15. Some numbers on brick handling and analysis flow
as Nov. 16th
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
Only Europe

16. CSd measurement efficiency using muons
355 CSd analysed  352 events = 271 CC + 81 NC
213 developped bricks ~ 60%
45 NC
167 CC
124 with muon candidate
41 without muon candidate
74 ± 6% finding efficiency (80% expected)
Independent estimate based on all tracks: e 74±4%
 ebt 86% to find a track in a single emulsion film
Recently ¾ microtracks method implemented: ebt 89±3%
(this option not yet applied to the analysis shown in the following)

17. Estimate brick finding efficiency
Having measured the efficiency of the CSd in measuring a single track: 74%
Knowing that the #tracks/event is about 2
6.8% is the probability to miss the event in the CSd
Knowing that 3.8% interactions are in dead material
We can compute the brick finding efficiency:
67±5 (stat)% (MC predicts 72%)
Next steps: Removal of the 2nd most probable brick (MC exp. 80%)

18. Vertex location breakdown by using a sub-sample of the measured eventsNC CC
Bricks assigned 45
174
Bricks received by the labs 34
129
Scanning started 28
112
CS to brick connected 25
108
Vertices located in the brick 20 90
Passing through 5
Vertices in the dead material 1 2
Under analysis 7 15
Vertex location efficiency:
Charged-current:
90/( ) = 86±12%
( )/( ) = 96±13%
In the proposal we quoted 93%
Neutral-current:
20/(28-1) = 74±18%
(25-1)/(28-1) = 89±22%
In the proposal we quoted 81%

19. Event gallery

20. Found a 3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion:20

21. ~20 GeV shower reconstructed

22. Backward going particle22

23. Brick to brick connection
Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 23

24. Topological and kinematical analysis - first charm-like event
kink=0.204 rad
F.L.=3247.2m
P= GeV
PRELIMINARY
Daughter momentum =
kink = rad
Flight length = 3247 µm
PT = 796 MeV
PTMIN = 606 MeV (90% C.L.)
kink
e.m.shower
The main background source is the hadron reinteraction
The probability that a hadron reinteraction has a Pt larger than 600 MeV is 4x10-4

25. Topological and kinematical analysis - second charm-like event
From a topological point of view the main sources of background are:
Kaon decays: probability 10-4
Hadron reinteractions: probability 1x10-5
Further reduction from kinematical analysis.
A first result is shown here below
Only 4-5 plates available for momentum measurement. Brick to brick is in progress 25

26. First OPERA Brick measured @ LNF Emulsion Scanning lab
Electronic-detectors muon track
Vertex reconstruction in ECC

27. Momentum distribution of reconstructed muon track
Data = MC = 5123.
OpRec reconstructs the momentum of the track at the vertex, for internal events, or at the entrance of OPERA detector for external events.
The events are selected requiring:
on-time with CNGS
minimum activity in the detector
at least one OpRec track reconstructed
muID
Fit: 3.4 ± 0.05 degree
Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 27

28. OPERA EXECUTIVE SCHEME
Spokesperson: A. Ereditato
Deputy Spokesperson: K. Niwa
Spokesperson Office:
Composition: Two Vice-Spokespersons + 1 member (all appointed by the SP)
Task: assist the SP in the executive management of the Collaboration Members of the EB.
Composition: P. Migliozzi (Vice-SP), F. Terranova (Vice-SP), M. Nakamura
(NOTE: there is the proposal to appoint Deputy Spokespersons the two Vice-Spokesperson)
Executive Committee:
Technical Coordinator + Deputy: M. Spinetti + M. Nakamura
Physics Coordinator +Deputy: D. Autiero + S. Dusini
Scanning Coordinator + Deputy: G. De Lellis + O. Sato
Resource Coordinator: L. Votano
Detector Operation & Maintenance Coordinator: A. Paoloni
Data Acquisition Coordinator: J. Marteau
Brick Manipulation Coordinator: D. Duchesneau
Emulsion Development Coordinator: C. Sirignano
CNGS Neutrino Beam Coordinator: D. Autiero (pro tempore)
Data Base Coordinator: C. Bozza
Observer from the Collaboration Board: Y. Gornushkin 28 28

29. Conclusions
The OPERA detector and its infrastructures successfully operated during 2008 CNGS run
Partial recovery of the beam after a rather problematic start: 1.782x1019 instead of 2.2x1019pot (80% of the expectations)
About 1700 events in the bricks: < 1  but extremely valuable sample to fine tune OPERA analysis and to estimate efficiencies and background
2009 CNGS run aim is to at least double the integrated intensity and collect the first  candidate

30. Brick handling chain 30

31. OPERA DB
DB-based Analysis Follower: Quasi on-line reporting on brick/event lifetime
Brick/event history
Event location feedback
This WEB interface allows a direct and simple access to database contents to everybody
Lucia Votano

32. Emulsion development
CS and brick development smoothly running since July
Extended single shift mode: 11 h/d Mon-Frid.
8 people shift team (2 OPERA shifters, 6 operators).
Average load: 30 CS doublets and 20 bricks per day
The development activity was able to follow the increase of the CSd scanning rate
Still room for improvement
Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 32

33. Lucia Votano